neuropharmacology Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are 5 parts of synaptic transmission and drug effects for each?
- transmitter synthesis and storage - drug and increase or decrease the level of neurotransmitter.
- Transmitter release - drug can increase or decrease release of neurotransmitters.
- Neurotransmitter levels in synapse Drug?
- Receptor binding
bind to receptor causing activation (agonists)
bind to receptor and block neurotransmitter from
binding (antagonists)
bind to components of receptor enhancing effect of
natural transmitter. - Termination of transmission
reuptake -blocked by drug
enzymatic degradation -inhibited by drug
diffusion
3 divisions of autonomic
enteric
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Location/parts of sensory neuron
Location of skeletal motor neuron
autonomic (sympathetic) nerve components- smooth muscles
arise in dorsal horn. exit in dorsal root ganglion (cell body) .
arise in ventral horn and exit in ventral root
preganglionic and postganglionic neurons -
describe parts and function of somatic system
voluntary control via skeletel muscles.
Consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves
Consists of efferent nerves or motor nerves
Parts of central Nervous System
cerebrum cerebellum mid brain, pons and medulla (brain stem) spinal column spinal cord dura matter diencephalon
What is the efferent division of the PNS?
What is the afferent division of the PNS
Afferent post neuron orginates in ganglion and terminates
Unusual fact about enteric system in the autonomic system
function independently of the
Unusual fact about enteric system in the autonomic system? What is controlled in this system?
function independently of the CNS motility, exocrine and endocrine secretions.
Differences between SNS and PNS
SNS T1-L2 Wide spread effect. Shorter preganglion neurons numerous organs to recieve stimulus simultaneously
PNS - Rest and digest and housekeeping functions
slower more discrete effect
longer preganglion
arise Cranial Nerves 3, 7,9 10 and vagus
thorasic and abdominal cavity,
PSNS heart aterioles secretions digestion bladder and bowel eye bronchial smooth muscle male
PSNS
heart - slow rate not primarily a part
aterioles - dialate some
secretions– increased -lacrimal/salivary/sweat, nasopharyngeal tissue, bronchial glands
digestion– increase digestion secretions such as enzymes from stomach, pancreas and intestine. Increase motility and tone
bladder and bowel - empty
eye -focus for near constrict pupil
bronchial smooth muscle - contract
male - erection
PSNS heart aterioles secretions digestion bladder and bowel eye bronchial smooth muscle male
PSNS - rest and digest, feed, breed, homeostatis,
heart - slow rate not primarily a part
aterioles - dialate some
secretions– increased -lacrimal/salivary/sweat, nasopharyngeal tissue, bronchial glands
digestion– increase digestion secretions such as enzymes from stomach, pancreas and intestine. Increase motility and tone
bladder and bowel - empty including involuntary
eye -focus for near constrict pupil
bronchial smooth muscle - contract
male - erection
SNS main functions regulation of cardiovascular-what lungs pupils energy
What events activate the SNS?
Fight or flight
regulate cardiovascular -constriction and dilation of arterioles. increase HR, Contractility, automaticity, speed, cardiac output and blood pressure
temperature regulation
dilate bronchi
dilate pupils
mobilize energy stores
trauma, feet, hypoglycemia, cold and exercise
Feedback regulation has two parts.
provide and describe
Sensor: Monitor status of physiologic functions and sends to CNS (senses and sends to the brain)
Effector: Picks up signals from CNS and sent to ANS
Neurons that connect two systems. (Exits the brains)
Baroceptor example of feedback loop
- Fall in blood pressure
- Baroceptors in heart vessels send fewer signals to the heart center.
- prompts a reflex response which us in increase in sympathetic response and a decrease in parasympathetic outflow to heart
- rise in blood pressure (compensation)
What neurotransmitters a used by the PNS and where are they found?
What types of receptors and location?
found at the neuromuscular junction.
system transmitter/receptor location
sympathetic acetylcholine preganglionic
norepi and Ach postganglionic
nicotinic recep preganglionic
alpha & beta adrenergic recep postganglionic
muscarinic recep (sweat glands)
widely distributed
parasympathetic acetylcholine preganglionic &
postganlionic
nicotinic recep preganglionic
muscarinic recep postganglionic
more limited distribution
Somatic acetylcholine one neuron
nicotinic
Receptor subtypes affinity low to high
Acetylcholine?
Muscarinic
nicotinic
acetylcholine has same affinity for each receptor
muscarine, acetyl, nicotine
nicotine, acetyl, muscarine
Muscarinic receptors are what type?
name location
M1 -M5
Cholinergic receptors
M1, M4, M5 CNS, sympathetic postganglionic neurons
M2 Heart - decrease rate and contractility
M3 Smooth muscle - exocrine glands, bronchial tissue, GI Tract, bladder and vessels.
Actions of M3 cholinergic receptor in PSNS eye bladder GI sex organ Vessels Glands
eye - miosis, contraction of ciliary muscles
bladder - release and relax
GI - increase motility
sex organ - erection
Vessels - dilation coronary, cerebral, pulmonary arterioles
Glands - secrete!
Muscarinic receptors antagonists are
parasympolytic
contraindications
muscarinic are cholenergic receptors
SE: hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter.
adverse effects xerstomia flushing blurred vision increase intraocular pressure urinary retention constipation tachycardia anhydrosis (reduced sweating) confusion and delerium drying of bronchial and GI secretions
SE can go unnoticed in elderly populations Why?
Elderly are at risk for anticholinergic SE, Why?
misdiagnosis, low health expectations, failure to report symptoms, cognitive decline, expressive decline
poor clearance/elimination of drugs
