Neurophysiology 1 : Organization And Receptors (Lecture 75)

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Receive sensory information
Integrate and process information
Decide if a motor output will occur (Not all sensory stimuli require a motor output)

Question 2

What is the definition of a sensory receptor?

Answer 2

Specialized to detect a particular stimulus modality

Question 3

What do specialized sensory cells synapse with?

Answer 3

Primary afferent neurons

Question 4

Afferent neuroses have ______ nerve endings. They also have _____ nerve endings.

Answer 4

Free
Modified

Question 5

Describe the modified nerve endings that afferent neurons have?

Answer 5

Combined with other accessory tissues that enhance response to a certain type of stimulus

Question 6

ALL receptors are able to perform _________.

Answer 6

Transduction

Question 7

All receptors have _______ _______ ________ that open based upon specific types of stimulus/

Answer 7

Modality gated channels

Question 8

Receptors convert the ________ into ______ ______.

Answer 8

Stimulus into action potentials

Question 9

What is stimulus intensity of a receptor encoded by?

Answer 9

Rate and frequency of Action Potential

Question 10

What are the physical characteristics of receptors?

Answer 10

Encapsulated or free nerve endings

Question 11

What are stimulus durations encoded by?

Answer 11

Receptor adaptation

Question 12

Tonic receptors do not rapidly ________. What is an example?

Answer 12

Adapt

Proprioceptors

Question 13

Adaption of receptors =

Answer 13

Decreased sensitivity to continuous stimuli

Question 14

Phasic receptors adapt _________. What are examples?

Answer 14

Rapidly

Pacing an and Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 15

Stimulus type encoded by ______

Answer 15

Modality

Question 16

What is the response to specific type of stimulus based on?

Answer 16

“Labeled line” code

Question 17

What are some classifications of receptors by modality? (7)

Answer 17

Thermoreceptors (temperature)
Mechanoreceptors (movement of cell membrane)
Photoreceptors (light)
Chemoreceptors (chemical)
Barorecptors (hydrostatic pressure/stretch)
Proprioceptors (body position)
Nociceptors (noxious stimuli)

Question 18

What does the golgi tendon organ detect?

Answer 18

Muscle contraction

Question 19

What does the muscle spindle detect?

Answer 19

Muscle stretch

Question 20

What are Proprioceptors?

Answer 20

Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

Question 21

What are examples of joint capsule mechanoreceptors?

Answer 21

Pacinian and Ruffin

Question 22

What are examples of muscle and tendon mechanoreceptors?

Answer 22

Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindles

Question 23

Where do somatosensory signals originate? What do they detect?

Answer 23

Originate: peripheral sensory receptors
Detect: changes in environmental stimuli

Question 24

Where do viscerosensory signals originate from? What do they detect?

Answer 24

Originate: viscera
Detect: changes in internal stimuli

Organ dispensation, ischemia, intestinal pain (conscious)
Autonomic Nervous System inputs and reflexes

Question 25

Where do special sense signals (vision, hearing, taste, olfaction) originate from?

Answer 25

Originate: special sensory organs localized to the head

Question 26

What is touch/pressure/vibration sensed by? Characteristics?

Answer 26

Sensed by Mechanoreceptors Adaptable, encapsulated/unencapsulated

Question 27

What are meissner’s corpuscles responsible for?

Answer 27

Transmitting sensation of light touch, pressure and texture

Question 28

What are pacinian corpsucles responsible for?

Answer 28

Transmitting sensation of deep pressure, tickle, and vibration

Question 29

What are Merkel’s disks responsible for?

Answer 29

Transmitting sensation of touch

Question 30

What are Ruffini’s corpuscle responsible for?

Answer 30

Stretch

Question 31

What is temperature sensed by?

Answer 31

Receptor potential channels (TRP) on free nerve endings

Question 32

What is a target for pain relieving medicine?

Answer 32

TRP family

Question 33

Characteristics of nociceptors?

Answer 33

Free nerve endings TRP family Lightly myelinated (A-delta) or unmyelinated (C fibers) Not adaptable

Question 34

What are nocicpetors?

Answer 34

Sensitive to multiple extreme or potentially damaging stimuli

Question 35

What are chemical nociceptors sensitive to?

Answer 35

Intracellular contents, inflammatory mediators