Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 4 > Neurophysiology 3: Motor System (Lecture 77) > Flashcards

Neurophysiology 3: Motor System (Lecture 77) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the two motor system consist of?

A

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)
Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the upper motor neuron control?

A

Controls LMN, initiates voluntary motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the Upper Motor Neuron located in?

A

Within the CNS- “Central”
-Cerebral Cortex
-Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Lower Motor Neuron innervate, and control?

A

Innervates skeletal muscles
Spinal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are lower motor neurons located?

A

Cell body in ventral grey horn of the spinal cord or brainstem—“peripheral”

Compromise peripheral motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does conscious motor activity require?

A

A conductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can LMN work independently to produce?

A

“Automatic” movement

“Stereotyped” movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the “conductor” of the motor system?

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the frontal cortex of the cerebrum?

A

Plans, strategizes, and provides impulse control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the frontal cortex of the cerebrum send its plan?

A

Basal nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the primary motor area initiate?

A

Voluntary motor movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the primary motor area output to?

A

Brainstem UMN
Spinal Cord LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the parts of the basal nuclei (ganglia)

A

Deep Cerebral grey matter
Striatum—caudate, putamen, accumbens
Globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are not considered basal nuclei, but work in the system?

A

Substantial nigra
Subthalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of the cerebrum is responsible for planning?

A

Cerebral Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What sends inhibiting signals to thalamus?

A

Globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When the thalamus is in a ________ state, meaning it is _____ sending impulses back to the cerebral cortex.

A

Static state
NOT sending impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the striatum a part of?

A

Basal Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What/Where does the striatum send signals to?

A

Inhibitory signals to the Globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If you INHIBIT the Globus pallidus, what is the effect?

A

“Inhibit the inhibitor”
Green light to thalamus to send excitatory signals to cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three pathways of the Descending Motor tracts, that the cerebral motor controls ?

A

Corticonuclear
Corticopontine
Corticospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the Corticonuclear go?

A

Motor cortex of cerebrum -> brainstem nuclei

**runs ipsilateral

23
Q

Where does the corticopontine go?

A

Motor cortex of cerebrum -> pontine nuclei

**pontocerebellar fibers to contralateral cerebellum

24
Q

Cerebral cortex involved with ________ side of the body

A

Contralateral side of the body

25
Q

The cerebellum is involved with the _______ side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

26
Q

Where does the corticospinal go to?

A

Cerebral cortex -> decussate to contralateral corticospinal tract

-“pyramidal tract”

27
Q

What pathway is responsible for DIRECT communication between cerebral cortex UMN and LMN.

A

The pyramidal tract

*responsible for fine motor control

28
Q

What type of activity does the pyramidal tract create?

A

Voluntary motor activity

29
Q

What are the three upper motor neurons from the brain stem?

A

Red nucleus
Pontine and Medullary Reticular nuclei
Vestibular nuclei

30
Q

Pyramidal tracts have a ____ to _____ connection.

A

One to One

One upper motor neuron synapses with One lower motor neuron

31
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts has _____ synapses than actually involved.

A

More

32
Q

What is the tract for the red nucleus called? What is a key tract for? What does it Facilitate?

A

Rubrospinal tract

Key tract for voluntary movement in animals

Facilitate UMN of flexor muscles

33
Q

What is the key tract for voluntary movements in animals?

A

Rubrospinal tract

34
Q

What does the pontine reticulospinal tract facilitate? Inhibit?

A

Facilitate: LMN of extensor muscles
Inhibit: LMN of flexor muscles

35
Q

What does the Medullary reticulospinal tract inhibit? Facilitate?

A

Inhibit: LMN of extensors
Facilitate: LMN of flexors

36
Q

What two extrapyramidal tracts balance each other out?

A

Pontine reticulospinal tract
Medullary reticulospinal tract

37
Q

What does the vetibulospinal tract facilitate?

A

Facilitate: LMN of extensors
Inhibit: flexors

38
Q

Where are the lateral corticospinal tract, medullary reticulospinal tract, and Rubrospinal tract in the lateral section of the brain?

A

Lateral funiculus

39
Q

Where are the pontine reticulospinal tract and ventral corticospinal tract in the lateral section of the brain?

A

Ventral funiculus

40
Q

Which has the largest diameter fibers?

A

Proproceptive fibers

41
Q

Which has the smallest diameter fibers?

A

The nociceptive fibers

42
Q

Are nocicpetive or proprioceptive fibers faster?

A

Proprioceptive

43
Q

Which fibers are least resistent to compressive injury? Which are most resistent?

A

Proprioceptive

Nociceptive

44
Q

Which fibers recover first?

A

Nociceptive THEN motor THEN proprioception

45
Q

Where are somatic motor neuron cell bodies found?

A

Ventral horn

46
Q

Where are visceral motor neuron cell bodies found?

A

Intermediolateral substance (lateral horn)

47
Q

The somatic lower neuron ______ the lower motor neuron.

It is a _____ neuron pathway

A

IS

One

48
Q

The autonomic motor neuron has an ________ ______.

A

Autonomic ganglion

Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron

49
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

50
Q

What do alpha motor neurons innervate?

A

Extrafusal muscle fibers

51
Q

What is the role of alpha motor neurons? (Somatic lower motor neuron)

A

Contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers

52
Q

What do gamma motor neurons innervate?

A

Contractile poles of intramural muscle fibers of the muscle spindle

53
Q

What is the role of gamma motor neurons? (Somatic lower motor neuron)

A

Contraction of poles of intramural fibers stretches the muscle spindles

54
Q

What are two types of somatic lower motor neurons?

A

Alpha motor neurons (outside the muscle spindle)
Gamma motor neurons (inside muscle spindle)

Physiology Exam 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions