Neurophysiology

Question 1

What is the nervous system?

Answer 1

The nervous system is a complex part of animals that coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from the CNS to the body.

Question 2

_________ detects changes in the environment that impact the body which works in tandem with the endocrine system

Answer 2

Nervous system

Question 3

Mention the 2 types of Neurons

Answer 3

1. Afferent Neurons
2. Efferent Neurons

Question 4

What is afferent neurons?

Answer 4

The afferent neurons travels signals from the body’s sensory receptor to the CNS - brain and spinal cord. It is the signal from the periphery towards the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What is efferent neuron?

Answer 5

The efferent neuron travels from the brain and spinal cord (CNS) out to the muscles, and glands. It is the signal of the brain and spinal cord outside the muscles and glands

Question 6

________ connects the afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 6

Interneurons

Question 7

______ is known as Sensory neuron

Answer 7

The afferent neuron

Question 8

The afferent neurons are characterized by _________

Answer 8

Body Sensory receptors

Question 9

Information are carries from the periphery or outside the world to the brain and spine (CNS) by __________

Answer 9

The afferent Neurons
Or
Sensory Neurons

Question 10

The efferent neurons are also known as ________

Answer 10

The Motor Neurons

Question 11

The Motor Neurons or Efferent neurons are responsible for ___________

Answer 11

Transmitting or carrying information from the CNS to the PNS

Question 12

List the 2 types of Efferent/motor neurons

Answer 12

Somatic Efferent Neurons
Autonomic Efferent Neurons

Question 13

_________ neuron carries signal from the CNS to the skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Somatic Efferent Neuron

Question 14

Voluntary/ Conscious action is carried out by ____________

Answer 14

The skeletal muscle

Question 15

What is the function of the Autonomic Efferent Neuron

Answer 15

It carries signal from the CNS to the cardiac, smooth muscles and glands

Question 16

_________ controls involuntary movement

Answer 16

Autonomic Efferent Neurons (ie by transmitting signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands)

Question 17

The Autonomic Efferent neurons are divided into 2, list them:

Answer 17

1. Parasympathetic different neuron
2. Sympathetic Efferent Neurons

Question 18

____________ prepares the body for action

Answer 18

Sympathetic Efferent neurons

Question 19

What is cephalization?

Answer 19

Cephalization is simply the process of the development of the head of an organism or animal which contains the feeling organs, sensory organs, and nerve ganglia

Question 20

The arrangement of the spinal cord is based on ________

Answer 20

On it’s Segment

Question 21

The spinal Cord is made up of _______ segment and ________ region, namely:

Answer 21

31 Segments and 5 Regions

Namely:
1. Coccygeal (1)
2. Cervical (8)
3. Lumbar (5)
4. Sacral (5)
5. Thoracic (12)

Mnemonics: CCLST

Question 22

List the functions of the Spinal cord segments

Answer 22

1. Provides innervation for the body parts
2. Provides cordinated body movements
3. For protection purposes

Question 23

What is responsible for taking the body back to its resting state after the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

The parasympathetic efferent neuron

Question 24

What is the effect of the sympathetic efferent neuron?

Answer 24

1. Increase in heartbeat rate
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Constriction of the blood vessels

Question 25

What is the effect of the parasympathetic efferent neuron?

Answer 25

1. Decrease in heartbeat rate 2. Decrease in blood pressure 3. Dilation of the blood vessel

Question 26

Where is the ENS located and its function?

Answer 26

The ENS is located in the GIT and controls the walls of the GIT

Question 27

ENS simply means _________

Answer 27

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 28

The ENS is also known as _______ because it contains more _______ than the spinal cord

Answer 28

The second brain Neurons

Question 29

Discuss on the ENS Mechanism in the GIT

Answer 29

The ENS which simply means the Enteric Nervous System is found in the GIT thereby controlling the movement of food in the GIT. Once food enters the stomach, it starts churning it. Then the ENS signals the stomach muscles to secret the gastric acid Then when the food gets to the small intestine, the ENS signals the small intestine to absorb nutrients and water In the large intestine, the ENS signal the large intestine to absorb electrolyte and to know when to send the waste product to the rectum

Question 30

The ENSis made up of ______ plexus, list and explain it

Answer 30

It is made up of 2 plexus Namely: 1. The Mycentric Plexus 2. The Submucosal plexus The Mycentric plexus is found in the inner and outer layer muscles of the GIT. It controls the movement of food The Submucosal plexus is found below the lining of the GIT. It regulates the absorption of nutrients and water

Question 31

What are carnival nerves?

Answer 31

They are nerves from the cranium

Question 32

Nerve from the spine are referred to as _____

Answer 32

The Spinal nerve

Question 33

At cellular level the Nervous system is defined as ______________

Answer 33

The presence of nerve cells or neurons

Question 34

Nerve cells sends signals in form of ____________

Answer 34

Electrochemical impulses

Question 35

Signals travels in a thin fibre known as?

Answer 35

Axon

Question 36

Connection between neurons form _______

Answer 36

- Neural Crest - Neural Circuit - Large network

Question 37

A cell that receives synaptic signal from a neuron may be

Answer 37

- Excited - Inhibited - Modulated

Question 38

______ helps in structural and metabolic support

Answer 38

Cilial cell

Question 39

The neuron contains a specialized cells called

Answer 39

Glial Cell

Question 40

Glial cells areof 6 types, namely;

Answer 40

1. Oligodendrocytes 2. Microglia 3. Ependymal cell 4. Schawn cell 5. Astocytes 6. Satellite Cells Mnemoics: SAMESO

Question 41

_______ plays a supporting role and maintaining the nervous system

Answer 41

The Glial cell

Question 42

Nervous system are found in ______ animals

Answer 42

Multicellular animals

Question 43

Nervous system are found in multicellular organisms except ________ ________ ________

Answer 43

Placozoans Mesozoans Sponges

Question 44

What are Placozoans Mesozoans Sponges

Answer 44

Placozoans: Microscopic organisms with simple body plane Mesozoans: Parasitic organisms with fewer cells Sponges: Are organisms with few or no specialised tissues

Question 45

The grey matter is located in the _________

Answer 45

The center of the spinal cord