NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

reversible state of insensibility to pain with loss of consciousness

Answer 1

general anesthesia

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

local anesthetic is a set up roadblock between source of the impulse and the brain

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

LA can interpret the aborted impulse as pain

Answer 3

FALSE
aborted impulse won’t be interpreted as pain

Question 4

confined to specific limited part of the body without loss of consciousness

Answer 4

local anesthesia

Question 5

It is toxic to nerve that treat the patient with sharp and numb and more permanently

Answer 5

neurolytic agent

Question 6

2 methods of LA that have more clinical practice

Answer 6

neurolytic and chemical agents (LA)

Question 7

a structural unit that transmit messages between the CNS and all parts of the body

Answer 7

neuron

Question 8

from peripheral organs to central nervous system

Answer 8

Sensory or afferent

Question 9

from cns to peripheral organs

Answer 9

Motor or efferent

Question 10

what are the 3 zones of sensory neuron that capable of transmitting the pain

Answer 10

dendritic zone
axon
cell body

Question 11

a free nerve endings that respond to stimulation produced in the transmitted centrally along the axon

Answer 11

dendritic zone

Question 12

a thin cable like structures that distributes sensory impulse and forms interpretation

Answer 12

axon

Question 13

provides a metabolic support of entire neuron

Answer 13

cell body

Question 14

motor neuron has 2 zones, which of those zones that can receives impuls and transmit it to the cell.

Answer 14

cell body

Question 15

nerve membrane of the axon

Answer 15

axolemma

Question 16

it is where the sensory nerve excitability and conduction

Answer 16

changes within nerve membrane

Question 17

what kind of axon nerve that conduct impulse faster

Answer 17

myelinated nerve

Question 18

how many angstrom thick did nerve mebrane has

Answer 18

70-80

Question 19

responsible for the movement of the molecules that can be channels, carriers or pump

Answer 19

transport proteins

Question 20

binding of proteins

Answer 20

receptor sites

Question 21

carry messages from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical action potential

Answer 21

peripheral nerve

Question 22

what are the factors, why Na+ stays outside and K+ stays inside

Answer 22

different charges or slightly permeable to the nerve membrane

Question 23

when Na+ is inside, it called what?

Answer 23

depolarization

Question 24

what is the charge of inside the nerve membrane when the threshold drop to 50-60 mv

Answer 24

Positive

Question 25

how many mV threshold to initiate the impulse

Answer 25

15 mV

Question 26

when the firing threshold is achieved, what happen to Na+

Answer 26

the permeability increases and enters the axoplasm

Question 27

at the end of depolarization, what is the charges of inside and outside of the nerve membrane

Answer 27

inside + oustide -

Question 28

caused by inactivation of increase permeability to Na+ and efflux of K+

Answer 28

repolarization

Question 29

how many millisecond that the entire process takes place

Answer 29

1 msec

Question 30

how many msec did the depolarization takes place

Answer 30

0.3 msec

Question 31

how many msec in repolarization

Answer 31

0.7 msec

Question 32

slow forward- creeping process

Answer 32

unmyelinated nerve

Question 33

much faster and more energy efficient

Answer 33

myelinated nerve

Question 34

means of current leap from node to node

Answer 34

saltatory conduction

Question 35

unpleasant, initiated by noxious stimulus that transmitted over a speacialized neural network to the CNS

Answer 35

pain

Question 36

physio anatomical process remarkably similar in all healthy individuals

Answer 36

painn perception

Question 37

psychophysiological process that varies in one individual and from day to day.

Answer 37

pain reaction

Question 38

pain reaction threshold is ______ pain reaction

Answer 38

inversely proportional

Question 39

an individual with high pain threshold

Answer 39

hyporeactive

Question 40

an individual with lown pain threshold

Answer 40

hyperreactive

Question 41

what are the 6 factors that varies the pain threshold

Answer 41

emotional status fatigue age racial and nationality characteristics sex fear and apprehension

Question 42

what time for the pediatric patients do an oral surgery

Answer 42

morning

Question 43

pain originates wholly in the mind/ phantom pain

Answer 43

psychogenic pain

Question 44

some distance from the site of injury

Answer 44

referred pain

Question 45

sharp, burning and intense

Answer 45

neurogenic pain

Question 46

reffered to difficult to localized

Answer 46

vascular pain

Question 47

most likely dull and the movement of some part is discomfort

Answer 47

muscle pain

Question 48

5 methods of pain control

Answer 48

removing the cause blocking the pathway of painful impulses raising the pain threshold preventing pain reaction by cortical depression using psychosomatic methods

Question 49

a method of pain control used in dentistry

Answer 49

blocking the pathway of painful impulses

Question 50

what drug used to raise the pain threshold

Answer 50

NSAIDS

Question 51

how the cortical depression works to prevent pain reaction

Answer 51

use GA and increase the depression of the CNS

Question 52

non pharmacological method

Answer 52

psychosomatic methods

Question 53

6 methods to induced local anesthesia

Answer 53

Mechanical trauma Low temperature Anoxia Chemical irritants Chemical agents Neurolytic agents

Question 54

It permanently numb the nerve and for sharp and numbing patients

Answer 54

Neurolytic agent

Question 55

What is the cause of partial or total absence of the sensation

Answer 55

Pathologic disruption of nerve transmission