Neuroscience 2

Question 1

Neuraxis standing upright

Answer 1

back: dorsal
Bottom: caudal
Frint: ventral

Question 2

Neuraxis curved

Answer 2

front: rostral
back: caudal
top: dorsal
bottom: ventral

Question 3

induced lesion study

Answer 3

human brain lesions are rarely isolated to a specific structure, but animals brain lesions can be studied

Question 4

stimulation and observation

Answer 4

electrically stimulate an area of the brain, Often used on epileptic patients

Question 5

single cell recording

Answer 5

electrodes used to insert into nervous tissue, neural activity recorded

Question 6

CT scan

Answer 6

• structural imaging
• relatively quick and inexpensive
• low resolution

Question 7

MRI

Answer 7

• structural imaging
• precise and detailed image
• aligns H+ ions

Question 8

PET Scan

Answer 8

• functional imaging
• invasive
• use of radioactive materials

Question 9

fMRI

Answer 9

• function imaging
• non-invasive
• looks at brain O2 use

Question 10

EEG & ERP

Answer 10

• functional imaging

- through a cap on the scalp

Question 11

Hind Brain

Answer 11

• made up of te medulla, pons, reticular formation and cerebellum
• relas info to cerebellum

Question 12

medulla

Answer 12

regulates vital body functions

Question 13

pons

Answer 13

relays info about movement

Question 14

reticular formation

Answer 14

posture and balacnce

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

coordinates movement

Question 16

Midbrain

Answer 16

made up of the tectum and tegmentum

Question 17

tectum

Answer 17

• superior colliculus: eye movement and visual reflexes

- inferior colliculus: auditory integration

Question 18

tegmentum

Answer 18

• red nucleus: motor control

- substantia nigra: reward related behaviour

Question 19

Forebrain

Answer 19

made up of the hypothalmus, pituitary gland, thalmus, amygdala and hippocampus

Question 20

hypothalmus

Answer 20

fight, flight, feeding, reproduction

Question 21

pitutitary gland

Answer 21

anterior: recieves signals from hypothalmus
posterior: releases oxytocin and vasopressin (regulates thirst, uterine contractions, lactation)

Question 22

thalmus

Answer 22

processes and relays info to selective areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 23

amygdala

Answer 23

fear response

Question 24

hippocampus

Answer 24

memory, ability to navigate

Question 25

Cerebral cortex

Answer 25

made up of 4 parts occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe

Question 26

how do we increase surface area

Answer 26

gyri and sulci

Question 27

deep grooves to divide areas

Answer 27

fissures

Question 28

occipital lobe

Answer 28

basic visual processing

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

higher visual processing | basic auditory processing

Question 30

parietal lobe

Answer 30

processing touch spatioal representation homonculus

Question 31

homonculus

Answer 31

area associates with more sensory or movement is assignemed more of parietal lobe (finger tips)

Question 32

frontal lobe

Answer 32

decision making | motor control

Question 33

symmetry

Answer 33

many structures exist on both sides of the brain

Question 34

asymmetry

Answer 34

functions specializing on one side of brain

Question 35

brocas area

Answer 35

left side | production of speech

Question 36

Wernicke's area

Answer 36

left side | comprehension of speech

Question 37

corpus collosum

Answer 37

send info between 2 hemispheres

Question 38

split brain syndrome

Answer 38

unable to communicate between 2 hemispheres

Question 39

Left brain lateralization

Answer 39

- words and letters - language sounds - verbal memory - speech and grammar rules

Question 40

Right brain lateralization

Answer 40

- geometric shapes and patterns - faces - non language cues - non verbal memory - sense of direction

Question 41

theory of mind

Answer 41

the ability to attribute mental states and understand that others beliefs may be different than our own

Question 42

phantom limb

Answer 42

lost a limb but still experience sensation ther | treat with mirrir box or addapting inanimate object as own