Neuroscience of Learning and Memory Flashcards

Question

Cell body

Answer 1

A

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

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Somatic: controls voluntary motor movement and relays sensory information
Autonomic: sympathetic (‘fight or flight’) and parasympathetic (‘rest and digest’)

Answer 3

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second brain
Controls the gastrointestinal system
Sometimes called a ‘second brain’

Answer 4

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Frontal- Executive functions, controlling complex actions (decision making)
Parietal- Touch, feeling, sense of space
Occipital- vision
Temporal- hearing and memory

Answer 5

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Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus

Answer 6

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variety of different structures that are involved in movement/ modulating motor movements and actions and involved in the reward system. Caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, etc. Modulating movement.

Answer 7

A

sensory information gets passed through the thalamus a part from smell to other parts of the brain. Transmits sensory info to sensory cortices.

Answer 8

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emotion processing (fear especially)

Answer 9

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Memory consolidation

Answer 10

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simplest expression of the 3 nervous system functions:
1. Stimulus
2. little processing
3. response
Reflexes are hardwired, innate, and
involuntary
Processing is often handled solely in the
spinal cord
Interneurons allow for rapid responses that
can bypass the brain

Answer 11

A

Common pathway for each sense:
Sensory organs -> thalamus -> primary sensory cortex e.g. eyes -> thalamus -> V1 occipital

Answer 12

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All voluntary motor output is sent down to the spine via M1, primary motor cortex, in the frontal lobe

Answer 13

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Neurotransmitter: glutamate
primary excitotary, continue signals and increase the chance other neurons will fire

Answer 14

A

Neurotransmitter: 𝛾-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
act on other neurons, inhibiting electrical signalling (inhibitory neurons)

Answer 15

A

Provide support to nerve cells
help signals transfer faster