neuroscience (unit 2)

Question 1

bumps of skull represent mental abilities

Answer 1

phrenology

Question 2

nerve cell that consists of many different parts

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

cells life support

Answer 3

soma

Question 4

receives messages from other cells

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

form junctions with other cells

Answer 5

terminal branches of axon

Question 6

electrical signal traveling down the axon

Answer 6

neural impulse

Question 7

covers axon of some neurons and helps speed neutral responses

Answer 7

myelin sheath

Question 8

made up of gildi cells and provides nourishment, gaps are called nodes of ranvier

Answer 8

myelin sheath

Question 9

autoimmune disorder where body attacks itself by mistake- results in nerve damage disrupting the communication between the brain and body.

Answer 9

multiple sclerosis

Question 10

electrically charged atoms

Answer 10

ions

Question 11

fluid inside resting axons has negatively charged ions- fluid outside axon has more positively charged ions.

Answer 11

resting potential

Question 12

axons membrane is tightly guarded and selective about what it allows through its gates

Answer 12

selectively permeable

Question 13

brief electrical surge that travels down axon and is generated by movement of positively charged atoms -in and out

Answer 13

action potential

Question 14

positive ions enter neuron, making it more prone to firing action potential

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

occurs when negative ions enter neuron, making it less prone to firing an action potential

Answer 15

hyperpolarization or repolarization

Question 16

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Answer 16

threshold

Question 17

after action potential is fired, it pauses for short period to recharge itself to fire again- 1-2 milliseconds before it can fire again

Answer 17

refractory period

Question 18

moves positive ions out from inside of the neuron making them ready for another action potential

Answer 18

sodium-potassium period

Question 19

if level of stimulation isn’t strong enough neuron will not fire

Answer 19

all or non response

Question 20

remains same throughout length of axon - neurons can fire between 2 and 200 miles per hour

Answer 20

intensity

Question 21

junction between axon tip of sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body or receiving neuron. tiny gap called synaptic gap or cleft

Answer 21

synapse

Question 22

chemicals from sending neuron travel across synapse binding to receptor sites on receiving neuron influencing it to generate action potential

Answer 22

neurotransmitters

Question 23

sacs that hold the neurotransmitters

Answer 23

vesicles

Question 24

locations on received neurons where neurotransmitters bind

Answer 24

receptor sites

Question 25

neurotransmitters in synapse reabsorbed into sending neurons through process of reuptake (brakes)

Answer 25

reuptake

Question 26

located in bodies sense organs and send information from these organs to CNS/brain (incoming info)

Answer 26

sensory or afferent neurons

Question 27

transmit info from one neuron to another within nervous system (connecters)

Answer 27

interneurons or association neurons

Question 28

conveys information from central nervous system to bodies organs, glands, and muscles (outgoing)

Answer 28

motor or efferent neurons

Question 29

regulates sleep dreaming mood, appetite, aggression - deficit= depression

Answer 29

seratonin

Question 30

arousal or fight or flight in brain

Answer 30

norepinephrine/adrenaline

Question 31

learning/ memory and muscle movement- deficit = alzheimer's

Answer 31

acetylcholine

Question 32

inhibitory (stops) deficit= huntington's

Answer 32

GABA

Question 33

surplus- schizophrenia deficit- parkinson's disease

Answer 33

dopamine

Question 34

neurotransmitters bind to receptors of receiving neuron in lock and key mechanism

Answer 34

take against when you have deficit

Question 35

mimics effects on receiving neuron (EXCITES)

Answer 35

agonist mimic neurotransmitter

Question 36

antagonist molecule inhibits

Answer 36

antagonist blocks transmitter