Neurosphysiology Section 4- Part 2 Part 2 Flashcards
What has the following:
Origin: cerebral cortex, adjacent to the frontal lobe
Corticospinal tract
What has the following:
Function: responsible for the most elaborate and dexterous voluntary movements
Corticospinal tract
What has the following:
Characteristics: control over small number of alpha motor neurons
Corticospinal tract
Where do the majority of pyramidal cells’ axons cross the midline at?
Pyramidal decussation
Once the pyramidal cells axons cross the midline, what tract do they go to?
Lateral corticospinal tract
What tract is involved in skilled, manipulative, voluntary movements?
Lateral corticospinal tract
Where is weakness seen when there are signs of damage to the lateral corticospinal tract rostral to the pyramidal decussation?
Contra lateral side of body
When a small portion of the pyramidal axons DO NOT cross the midline and remain on the same side= what tract?
Ventral corticospinal tract
What tract controls voluntary antigravity muscles?
Several axons of the ventral corticospinal tract cross the midline locally in the spinal cord?
Ventral corticospinal tract
What represents the highest level of motor control hierarchy?
Motor cortices
What motor cortices is rostral to the central sulcus and near the cruciate sulcus?
Primary
What 2 motor cortex’s are in the frontal lobe?
Supplementary and premotor
What motor cortex lies in the first convolution of the frontal lobes anterior to the central sulcus?
Primary motor cortex
What is the topographical representations of the muscle areas of the body in the primary motor cortex?
Somatotopic map
When animals have damaged corticospinal tract neurons, what reaction is slowed?
Proprioceptive positioning
What 2 cortices give rise to axons that project to nuclei of descending brainstem motor pathways?
Supplementary and pre motor
What cortex generates more complex patterns of movement greater than those generated in the primary motor cortex?
Premotor cortex
What is the special class of neurons that becomes active when a person/an animal performs specific motor task or when they observe the same task performed by another?
Mirror neurons
What neurons play an important role for understanding the actions of other people and for learning new skills by imitation?
Mirror neurons
What type of contractions are elicited by stimulating the supplementary motor cortex?
Bilateral contractions
What motor cortex works in concert with the premotor area?
Supplementary motor cortex
What motor cortex helps with body wide attitudinal movements, fixation movements of body, positional movement of head and eyes?
Supplementary motor cortex
What part of the brain receives input from the cerebral cortices and projects back to the premotor and supplementary motor cortices?
Basal ganglia
What part of the brain helps select the appropriate movement pattern while suppressing less appropriate competing patterns?
Basal ganglia
