Neurotransmitter cycles Flashcards by Grace Murray

Q

Acetylecholine

A

Basic schema of classical neurotransmitter

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Q

transmembrane Na

A

choline antiporter

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Q

Ach is synthesized in

A

Cytosol

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Q

Ach is synthesized into

A

choline with coenzyme A

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Q

It is catalyzed by

A

choline acetyletransferase (ChAT)

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Q

Ach is loaded into vesicles by

A

vesicular Ach transporter (VAChT)

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Q

What ion drives process through anti port

A

H+

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Q

how many molecules of Ach

A

10,000

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Q

Acetylcholinesterase degradation involves

A

Choline + acetic acid

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Q

Na+ dependent choline co-transpoerter moves

A

choline into presynaptic terminal

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Q

General structure of the inotropic receptor is demonstrated by

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

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Q

Complete pentameric structure froms

A

Ion Pore and Ligand Binding sites

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Q

Ach binds to…

A

alpha subunits

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Q

Ach binding causes

A

conformational change in receptor opening ion pre

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Q

Pore width is

A

larger than VGIC

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Q

how many molecules of Ach are required to open channel protion of inotropic receptor

A

2

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Q

Negatively charger amino acids at pore loop

A

initially attract ions

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Q

general structure/function of metatropic receptor is typified by

A

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Q

CNS nAChR are not sensitive to

A

alpha-bungarotoxin (snake)

Q

activation causes variety of

A

slow postsynaptic responses

Q

Most important transmitter for normal function

A

glutamate

Q

Most excitatory neuron in CNS

A

glutamatergic

Q

Head trauma and ischemia can cause

A

glutamate induced excitotoxicity

Q

Ischemia

A

restricted blood flow to certain area of body

glutamine cycle

Synthesized from glutamine by

glutaminase in cytosol

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT)

loads vesicles

glutamate is removed from synapse by

excitatory amino acids transporters (EAATs)

glutamate co-transporter is dependent on

Na+

EAATs are present in

glial cells

glutamine sythekase converts

glutamate to glutamine

SN1 transporter moves

glutamine out of glial cells

SAT2 moves glutamine into

presynaptic neuron

AMPA receptors produce

large EPSPs

AMPA are primarily responsible for

excitatory transmission in the brain

NMA receptors produce

smaller but long-lasting EPSP

Kainate receptors are

less defined

Kainate produce EPSP that

quickly and decay slowly

Kainate is found on

presynaptic terminal as feedback regulator

Metabotropic receptors causes indirect influence on

postsynaptic neurons with typical GPCR influences

Functional properties of AMPAR heteromers depend

the subunits composition

AMPA have what shaped structure

Y-shaped

AMPA receptors are

tetrameric