Neurotransmitter Pathways Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the neurotransmitters which are classified as input-output?
Glutamate
GABA
ACh
What are the neurotransmitters classified as informational modulators?
ACh
Dopamine
Noradrenalin
Serotonin
How are neurotransmitters versatile?
Many NTs bind with a range of receptors
E.g. At least 10 different serotonin receptors
They can be associated with different functions i.e. different synapses have completely different effects
Where are neurotransmitters synthesised?
The liver
Why do neurones need to be constantly synthesised?
Because they are complex molecules
They have to be constantly synthesised
What can cross the blood brain barrier?
Any substances either:
Exogenously synthesised or entering the blood stream from outside
What is a drug?
A substance that even in a small quantity has a major effect in bodily functions
What is a psychoactive drug?
A drug that effects the CNS
Alters alertness, perceptual, cognitive and emotional processes
Give an example about how different synapses using the same NTs can have completely different effects?
D1 receptors: activates second messenger release
D2 receptors: inhibits second messenger release
What are the 4 functional categories?
Stimulants: increase neural activity
Depressants: decrease neural activity
Analgesics: pain relief
Hallucinogens: cause hallucinations
What are direct interference agonists?
They mimic the action of “their” neurotransmitters
They bind to the receptor site and open channels
What are direct interference antagonists?
Prevent the action of “their” neurotransmitters
Blocks the receptor but doesn’t open the channel
What are indirect interference agonists?
Increase the availability of a neurotransmitter
Increase production or prevent reuptake
What are indirect interference antagonists?
Decrease the availability of a neurotransmitter (disrupts the production processes)
What is indirect interference when taking about drugs?
Interfere with production, relies or removal of neurotransmitters
What is direct interference in reference to drugs?
Binding (lock and key) with receptor to interfere
How can pathways be identified?
Anatomically (where there go)
Chemical (what NT/drug they use)
What are the chemical structure classifications of neurotransmitters?
Quaternary & Mono Amines
Amino Acids
Peptide Transmitters
Gas Transmitters
