Neurotransmitter Regulation Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are the 5 Biogenic Amines?
What is a unique structural feature of catecholamines?
- catechol ring
How are catecholamines synthesised?
Tyrosine -> L-Dopa -> Dopamine -> Noradrenaline -> Adrenaline
How are catecholamines metabolised in nerve terminals and the liver?
How is serotonin (5HT) made?
What are the CNS effects of the neurotransmitters, Noradrenaline, Domaine and Seratonin? Discuss what effects are unique.
What are the cell bodies for NE, Seratonin and Dopamine?
- Locus coeruleneus
- Raphe nuclei
- Ventral tegmental area
What are the 5 key stages of neurotransmission?
- synthesis
- storage
- reuptake
- metabolism
- receptor activation
What are the 2 stimulants and antidepressants of noradrenaline neurotransmission?
What are the 2 stimulants and antidepressants of seratonin neurotransmission?
Compare the effect of stimulants and antidepressents.
Discuss the key 5 stages of neurotransmission with regard to Noradrenaline.
- Synthesis - Tyrosine -> Dopa -> dopamine
- Storage - into vesicles via VMAT
- Metabolism - MAO, break down noradrenaline
- Release - released into the synaptic cleft, can activate adrenoreceptors
- degradation - NET, takes it up
What are indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines?
What are 3 drugs that fall under this class?
- indirectly causes the release of NE: doesn’t act on the actual receptor, causes release, therefore, mimics the effect of NE
- amphetamines, ephedrine, tyramine
What are the direct and indirect sites of action of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines?
- NET (direct)
- VMAT (direct)
- Adrenoreceptors (indirect)
What is a drug class and examples that block Noradrenaline Transporter (NET)?
- NET inhibitors: blocks NET, prevents reuptake and metabolism in the presynaptic nerve terminal, leaves NE in cleft for a more extended period of time, increases the duration of action)
- Desipramine (antidepressant)
- Cocaine (stimulant)
What is a drug class and examples that block Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)?
- MAO inhibitors: leads to decrease the metabolism of neurotransmitters
- ## Moclobemide (not used much due to side effects)
Explain the “Cheese effect” of MAO inhibitors.
Discuss the key 5 stages of neurotransmission with regard to Serotonin.
- Synthesis - Tryptophan -> 5-TH
- Storage - into vesicles via VMAT
- Metabolism - MAO breaks it down
- Release - into postsynaptic nerve terminals
- Reuptake - SERT
What is a drug class indirectly increases the amount of serotonin released? Provide and example.
- indirect serotonergic agonists
- MDMA ( this can also act directly on the receptors)
What is a drug class that selectively blocks the reuptake of serotonin via SERT? Provide an example.
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- fluoxetine (antidepressants)
What classes of drugs are causing drug-induced deaths in Australia?
What classes of drugs are causing hospitalisation in Australia?
What is the most common depressant?
Alcohol
What is the main mechanism of alcohol action?
activation of GABA, the main inhibitory transmitter in the CNS
