Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Deficit associated with Parkinson’s disease excess associated with schizophrenia

Answer 1

Dopamine

Question 2

Related to the experience of pleasure and reward

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

Abnormally high levels in some parts of the brain have been linked to schizophrenia

Answer 3

Dopamine

Question 4

Synthesized by a part of the brain called the substantia Niagara or or black substance

Answer 4

Dopamine

Question 5

Follows pathways that lead either to the nucleus accumbens or the basal ganglia

Answer 5

Dopamine

Question 6

Is released when a person enjoys their food, falls in love, or listens to their favorite song

Answer 6

Dopamine

Question 7

Related to Parkinson’s disease

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

Involved in motor control and planning

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Activation of receptors leads to eating when hungry, drinking when thirsty, and having sex when aroused

Answer 9

Dopamine

Question 10

Addictive drugs may serve as agonists of this transmitter

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Cocaine blocks the reputable of this transmitter into presynaptic resiles

Answer 11

Dopamine

Question 12

Involved in controlling voluntary muscle movements

Answer 12

Dopamine

Question 13

Olds and Milner found rats will press a lever for hours to stimulate regions retaliated to this transmitter

Answer 13

Dopamine

Question 14

Drugs to treat schizophrenia often inhibit production of this chemical

Answer 14

Dopamine

Question 15

Maybe the primary mechanism by which alcohol interferes with motor coordination

Answer 15

GABA

Question 16

Is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

Abnormal functioning may lead to epileptic seizures

Answer 17

GABA

Question 18

Works to hyper-polarize post synaptic membranes

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

Benzodiazepines assist this chemical in binding with one of its primary receptors

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

Has the opposite effect of glutamate

Answer 20

GABA

Question 21

Extremely important in the regulation of anxiety

Answer 21

GABA

Question 22

Ethyl alcohol makes people feel relaxed and less inhibited by increasing production of this transmitter

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

Xanax and Valium work by increasing production of this chemical

Answer 23

GABA

Question 24

Reduces the likelihood that postsynaptic neurons will fire an action potential

Answer 24

GABA

Question 25

Malfunctioning of this system is related to Huntington’s disease, dementia, and epilepsy

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

Tranquilizers and barbiturates increase this transmitter’s anxiety - controlling effect

Answer 26

GABA

Question 27

Is the same chemical as the hormone noradrenaline

Answer 27

Norepinephrine

Question 28

Increases mental arousal and alertness

Answer 28

Norepinephrine

Question 29

Leads to physical arousal - increases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 29

Norepinephrine

Question 30

Unusually low levels of this chemical are related to ADHD

Answer 30

Norepinephrine

Question 31

Triggers physiological Arouca, particularly in dangerous situations

Answer 31

Norepinephrine

Question 32

Related to anxiety, fear, and emotional arousal

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

Especially important for vigilance, a heightened sensitivity to what is going on around you

Answer 33

Norepinephrine

Question 34

Occurs in both the central and peripheral nervous system - contributing to arousal in both places

Answer 34

Norepinephrine

Question 35

Closely related to epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 35

Norepinephrine

Question 36

Approximately half of all this chemical in the brain is located in the cells of the locus coeruleus

Answer 36

Norepinephrine

Question 37

Involved in the wakefulness and sleep, in learning , and in the regulation of mood

Answer 37

Norepinephrine

Question 38

Involved in complex mental processes such as learning ,memory, and dreaming

Answer 38

Acetylcholine

Question 39

Diminished functioning is associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 39

Acetylcholine

Question 40

Agonists of this chemical may enhance memory

Answer 40

Acetylcholine

Question 41

Botulism inhibits the release of this chemical and leads to trouble breathing and chewing ( possibly leading to death)

Answer 41

Acetylcholine

Question 42

Toxins that mimic this chemical can cause temporary paralysis

Answer 42

Acetylcholine

Question 43

Rats show increased activity of this chemical while learning to discriminate in stimulus from another

Answer 43

Acetylcholine

Question 44

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease show depletion of this chemical

Answer 44

Acetylcholine

Question 45

The first neurotransmitter discovered

Answer 45

Acetylcholine

Question 46

This chemical is found in all motor neurons

Answer 46

Acetylcholine

Question 47

All movement involves this transmitter

Answer 47

Acetylcholine

Question 48

Is important in learning, memory, and general intellectual functioning

Answer 48

Acetylcholine

Question 49

The poison curare prevents this transmitter from binding to receptors (paralysis)

Answer 49

Acetylcholine

Question 50

Is normally prevalent in the hypothalamus, a structure involved in the formation of memories

Answer 50

Acetylcholine

Question 51

Availability of this chemical is inversely related to memory formation

Answer 51

Acetylcholine

Question 52

This chemical allows us to walk, talk, and blink

Answer 52

Acetylcholine

Question 53

The venom of the Black Widow spider causes receptors to be flooded (severe muscle contractions)

Answer 53

Acetylcholine

Question 54

A sharp reduction in the supply of this neurotransmitter causes Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 54

Acetylcholine

Question 55

This chemical elevates mood and reduces pain

Answer 55

Endorphins

Question 56

Is responsible for the “runners high” athletes sometimes report after a prolonged period of exercise

Answer 56

Endorphins

Question 57

The contraction of endogenous morphine’s

Answer 57

Endorphins

Question 58

The analgesic effect of this chemical allows humans to perform better when they’re in pain

Answer 58

Endorphins

Question 59

Morphine is an agonist for this chemical

Answer 59

Endorphins

Question 60

The transmitter largely responsible for the placebo effects

Answer 60

Endorphins

Question 61

Associated with euphoric moods

Answer 61

Endorphins

Question 62

This chemical inhibits the release of substance P

Answer 62

Endorphins

Question 63

Premenstrual pain is associated with low levels of this transmitter

Answer 63

Endorphins

Question 64

Levels of this transmitter rise in response to vigorous exercise

Answer 64

Endorphins

Question 65

Related to the posture effects of acupuncture

Answer 65

Endorphins

Question 66

Is the same chemical as the hormone adrenaline

Answer 66

Epinephrine

Question 67

Is involved in anxiety, fear, and emotional arousal (adrenaline rush)

Answer 67

Epinephrine

Question 68

Is produced in the brain and the adrenal glands (adrenaline rush)

Answer 68

Epinephrine

Question 69

Is found primarily in the body, and causes a burst of energy

Answer 69

Epinephrine

Question 70

Closely related to norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 70

Epinephrine

Question 71

Increases blood pressure by increasing heart rate and blood flow

Answer 71

Epinephrine

Question 72

Increases ANS activity; fight or flight

Answer 72

Epinephrine

Question 73

Is found primarily in the body, although small amounts are in the brain (initially called adrenaline)

Answer 73

Epinephrine

Question 74

Is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 74

Glutamate

Question 75

It is used by more neurons than any other neurotransmitter

Answer 75

Glutamate

Question 76

Synapses for this neurotransmitter are especially plentiful in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Answer 76

Glutamate

Question 77

Overactivity of this transmitter is the main cause of brain damage during a stroke

Answer 77

Glutamate

Question 78

This transmitter can “excite neurons to death”

Answer 78

Glutamate

Question 79

It may be the root of all learning

Answer 79

Glutamate

Question 80

The MSG in Chinese food activates receptors for this transmitter

Answer 80

Glutamate

Question 81

It opens sodium gates in postsynaptic membranes and cause depolarization

Answer 81

Glutamate

Question 82

Receptors for this chemical aid learning and memory, by strengthening synaptic connections

Answer 82

Glutamate

Question 83

This chemical facilitates migration of neurons to different sites in the brain (early development)

Answer 83

Glutamate

Question 84

It plays a major role in the ability of the brain to “strengthen “ it’s synaptic connections

Answer 84

Glutamate

Question 85

Is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating, arousal, and pain

Answer 85

Serotonin

Question 86

A decrease in this transmitter is common in sever depression

Answer 86

Serotonin

Question 87

SSRIs increase the duration of activation of this chemical in the synapses by blocking reuptake

Answer 87

Serotonin

Question 88

It’s especially important for emotional states, impulse control, and dreaming

Answer 88

Serotonin

Question 89

Low levels of this transmitters are associated with sad and anxious moods, food cravings, and aggressive behavior

Answer 89

Serotonin

Question 90

Is somewhat retaliated or like norepinephrine (both affect sleep and mood)

Answer 90

Serotonin

Question 91

Low levels of this chemical are common in suicide victims

Answer 91

Serotonin

Question 92

Related to depressed mood, self-directed aggression, and impulsivity

Answer 92

Serotonin

Question 93

It appears to be related to arousal and sleep as well as to the regulation of mood, appetite, and sensitivity to pain

Answer 93

Serotonin

Question 94

Zoloft, Paxil, and Prozac all work to inhibit the reuptake of this chemical

Answer 94

Serotonin