neurotransmitters Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
agonist
A
facilitates synaptic transmission; acts like a natural neurotransmitter
2
Q
antagonist
A
block the action of a neurontrasmitter
3
Q
two primary classes of neurotransmitters
A
- small-molecule neurotransmitters
- neuropeptides
4
Q
acetylcholine excitatory at synapses
A
opens ligand gated cation channels
5
Q
acetylcholine inhibitory at synapses
A
indirect effect on ion channels through receptors that like G protein
6
Q
acetylcholine location
A
CNS and PNS
7
Q
acetylcholine receptors
A
- nicotinic Ach receptors
- muscarinic Ach receptors
8
Q
nicotinic
A
- ligand gated, inotropic
- nonselective cation channels
- generate EPSPs
9
Q
muscarinic
A
- metabotropic
- mediate effects of Ach in the brain
- can be inhibitory or excitatory
10
Q
acetylcholine main functions
A
- muscle contraction
- ANS and PSNS function
- neuromodulation
11
Q
associated disease
A
myasthenia gravis
12
Q
acetylcholine drugs affecting NT
A
- nicotine
- botox
- black widow spider venom
13
Q
glutamate -/+
A
excitatory
14
Q
glutamate location
A
CNS
15
Q
glutamate receptors
A
- AMPA receptors
- NMDA receptors
- kainate receptors
- mGluRs
16
Q
glutamate main functions
A
- brain development
- long term synaptic plasticity
- learning and memory
17
Q
glutamate diseases
A
glutamate excitotoxicity
18
Q
glutamate drugs affecting NT
A
- PCP
- ketamine
- hamenda
- robitussin
19
Q
acetylcholine removal
A
enzyme degradation
20
Q
glutamate removal
A
excitatory amino acid transporters remove glutamate from synaptic cleft
21
Q
GABA & glycine +/-
A
inhibitory
22
Q
GABA & glycine location
A
CNS
23
Q
GABA & glycine receptors
A
- GABAa: inotropic, gated anion channels
- GABAb: metabotropoic
- glycine: ligand gated Cl channels
24
Q
GABA & glycine main functions
A
- brain development (excitatory)
- IPSPs
- decrease anxiety, alertness, and muscle tension
25
GABA & glycine diseases
- B6 deficiency
- epilepsy
- hyperglycemia
26
GABA & glycine drugs affecting NT
- alcohol
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
- GBH
- baclofen
- neurosteroids
- muscimol
27
GABA and glycine removal
GATs
28
dopamine +/-
both
29
dopamine location
Brain
30
dopamine receptors
G-protein coupled receptors
31
dopamine main functions
- coordination of movement
- motivation, reward, reinforcement
- sympathetic function
32
dopamine disease
- Parkinson's disease
- schizophrenia
33
dopamine drugs affecting NT
- cocaine
- MAOIs
- haldol
- amphetamine
- Wellbutrin
- tetrabenzme
- levodopa
- LSD
- AMPT
34
dopamine removal
DAT
35
norepinephrine +/-
excitatory
36
norepinephrine location
CNS and PNS
37
norepinephrine receptors
- alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
38
norepinephrine main functions
- sleep/wakefulness
- attention
- pain
- arousal
- feeding
39
norepinephrine disease
- anxiety/depression/PTSD
- ADHD
40
norepinephrine drugs affecting NT
- amphetamine
- tricyclic antidepressants
- pseudophedrine
- propranolol
- cocaine
- MAOIs
- albuterol
- clonidine
- AMPT
- SNRIs
- LSD
- Wellbutrin
- phentolamine
41
norepinephrine removal
NET
42
histamine +/-
excitatory
43
histamine location
CNS and PNS
44
histamine receptors
metabotropic receptors
45
histamine main functions
- wakefulness/arousal/attention
- itchiness
- vestibular reactivity
- increase stomach acid
- decrease hunger
- brain blood flow
46
histamine diseases
- seizures
- allergies
- autoimmune diseae
- cancer
47
histamine drugs affecting NT
- opiates
- Benadryl
- betahistine
- antipsychotics
- tagamet
- Zantac
48
histamine removal
transporters
49
serotonin +/-
primarily excitatory
50
serotonin location
midbrain and pons
51
serotonin receptors
- G-protein coupled
52
serotonin main functions
- sleep/wakefulness
- neuromodulation
- mood
53
serotonin diseases
- anxiety / depression / OCD / PTSD
- schizophrenia
- eating disorders
54
serotonin drugs affecting NT
- amphetamine
- tricyclic antidepressants
- atypical antipsychotics
- cocaine
- MAOIs
- zofran
- SSRIs
- triprans
- reserpine
55
serotonin removal
SERT
56
nitric oxide function
- memory and learning
- vasodilation
- immune function
57
endogenous opioids +/-
both
58
endogenous opioids location
CNS
59
endogenous opioids receptors
- Mu
- delta
- kappa opioid receptors
60
endogenous opioids main functions
- neuromodulation
- analgesia
61
endogenous opioids diseases
- addiction
- schizophrenia
- anxiety / panic disorder
- obesity
62
endogenous opioids drugs affecting NT
- morphine
- naloxone
- heroin
- fentanyl
- naltrexone
- hydrocodone
63
endogenous opioids removal
spontaneous oxidation
64
substance P +/-
excitatory
65
substance P location
CNS and PNS
66
substance P receptors
G protein coupled neurokinin receptors
67
Substance P main functions
- decrease BP
- pain
- GI function
- regulates bone / cartilage metabolism and fracture healing
- neuromodulation
- mood
- learning / memory
68
substance P diseases
- cancer
- inflammatory diseases
- depression / anxiety
- HIV / AIDS
- fibromyalgia
- obesity
69
substance P drugs affecting NT
- K
- muscarinic Ach receptor activators
- THC
- capsaicin
- opioids
- adenosine
- narcotics
70
substance P removal
broken down by postsynaptic cell
