Neurotransmitters Flashcards
(26 cards)
Characteristics of Ionotropic receptors
Ion channel in center of 5 transmembrane subunits
Opens when bound to NM
Very fast signaling
Excitatory or inhibitory
Metabotropic
G protein coupled 7 transmembrane subunits Extra cellular domain binds NM G protein causes a intracellular signaling event Can be excitatory or inhibitory
Which class of NMs is associated with the Sympathetic nervous system?
Catecholamines
Which class of NMs is associated with the Parasympathetic nervous system?
Small Molecules - Acetylcholine
Cholinergic Receptors bind to Ach. What are the two types of receptors?
Muscarinic
- G protein coupled
- Parasympathetic
- 5 different receptors
Nicotinic
- ionotropic receptors
- Neuromuscular junction
- CNS
- faster
Dopamine, nor and epi are derived from what?
Tyrosine
Serotonin is derived from what?
L-tryptophan
Dopamine, nor, and epi are catecholamines while serotonin is a ___________
Indoleamine
What does the A1 adrenergic receptor do?
Blood vessels, constricts
What does the A2 adrenergic receptor do?
Pre-synaptic, inhibit release of NM
Also known as autoreceptor
It decreases release of Norepinephrine
What does the B1 adrenergic receptor do?
heart, stimulate rate and strength of contraction
What does the B2 adrenergic receptor do?
Bronchi, uterus, bladder: smooth muscle relaxation
What does the D1 adrenergic receptor do?
Kidneys, excitatory, increase renal blood flow
What does the D2 adrenergic receptor do?
Inhibitory, pituitary
What 2 enzymes metabolize monoamines?
MAO and COMT
Most of the serotonin is located where?
In the gut where it regulates intestinal motility
Where is the rest of the serotonin synthesized?
In serotonergic neurons in the CNS where it controls appetite, mood, and anger
90% of monoamines are transported back to the nerve by what?
Neuronal transport system
What happens when glutamate receptors bind to glutamate?
Channel opens and Na enters neuron
Glutamate is excitatory
Is GABA inhibitory?
Yes
Cl- enters ion when active
What is excitotoxicity?
The pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged by excessive neurotransmitters
Peptides signals _________ longer and have a __________ onset
Last, slower
Ach ends by what method
Enzyme degradation
Monoamines end how?
Synaptic reuptake
