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Neurulation Flashcards

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1
Q

The forbrain vesicle is the ?

A

Prosencephalon

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2
Q

What does the midbrain vesicle develop into?

A

The mesencephalon

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3
Q

What does the hindbrain develop into?

A

The Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the prosencephalon?

A

The telencephalon and the diencephalon

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5
Q

What are the subivisions of the Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon and te Myelencephalon

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6
Q

What develops from the telencephalon?

A

The cerebral hemisphere, the basal ganglia, and the hippocampus

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7
Q

What develops from the diencephaon?

A

The thalamus, the hypothalamus, the pineal body and the infundibulum

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8
Q

What develops from the Mesencephalon?

A

Tectum, tegementum, and the cerebri

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9
Q

What develops from the Metencephalon?

A

The pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

What develops from the myelencephalon?

A

The medulla oblongata

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11
Q

Fertilization occurs when?

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

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12
Q

First division occurs

A

30 hours after fertilization

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13
Q

Second cleavage occurs at

A

40 hours

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14
Q

16 cell morula stage occurs

A

3 days after

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15
Q

Implantation of the blastocyst occurs

A

On day 6

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16
Q

Endo derm and ectoderms occur in the

A

Second week

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17
Q

Mesodermal cells appear in the

A

3 week

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18
Q

Neurulation

A

Formation of the neural tube and crest

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19
Q

Cellular Proliferation

A

Neuronal birth and cellular division

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20
Q

Neuronal Migration

A

Movement of neurons to proper region of CNS

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21
Q

Cytodifferentiation and Axonal Elongation

A

Maturation of neurons and extension of axonal processes to the appropriate targets

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22
Q

Maturation of Synaptic Contacts and Refinement

A

Formation of functional synapses and apoptosis

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23
Q

Endoderm differentiates into…

A

Viscera

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24
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into

A

Heart and circulatory system, muscle bone and meninges, somites and the notochord

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25
Ectoderm differentiates into
CNS structure adrenal medulla and skin
26
Lobes of the Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe is composed of?
Primary motor Cortex, Sepplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and pre-frontal cortex
27
Corpus Callosum
Is the communicating tract between the hemisphers
28
Optic Radiations
Huge tracts which extend back to the occipital lobe.
29
Internal capsule
It looks like a boomerang if you make a transverse cut across the brain. Has sensory and motor control for opposite side of the body.
30
How many lobes are on the brain?
5 Definate lobes. Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal and Insular. Though some anatomists say the Limbic lobe is part of it.
31
Frontal Lobe is composed of
The Primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor cortex, the Premotor cortex, and the prefrontal cortex
32
Primary motor cortex
Motor movements
33
Supplementary motor area
Is more active when a sequence of mevements is remembered or internally referenced and recieves input from the basal ganglia
34
Premotor cortex
Visually guided, externally referenced. Gets input from cerebellum which helps for execution of movements. Functions in reaching, precision grip and prehension
35
Primary sensory cortex
Postcentral gyrun
36
Somatosensory association cortex
Parietal lobe supramarginal gyrus
37
Primary visual cortex
Cuneus and lingual gyri
38
Visual association cortex
Medial and lateral occipital gyri, angular gyrus
39
Primary auditory cortex
Transverse temporal gyrus
40
Auditory association cortex
Superior temporal gyrus, weirnieke's area
41
Primary olfactory cortex
Uncus, piriform cortex, periamygdaloid and part of the parahippocampal gyrus
42
Limbir association cortex
Anterior pole of the temporal lobe
43
Functions of the dominant hemispere
Language Skilled motor movements (praxis) Arithmetic, analytical skills Sequential processing
44
Functionso of non dominant hemisphere
Prosody(emotion, tone rhythm of voice) Visual spatial analysis and spatial attention Spatial orientation and processing
45
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Paraventricular nucleus
46
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Paraventricular nucleus
47
Prolactin inhibiting hormone
Arcuatenucleus
48
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Arcuate nucleus
49
Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone
Preoptic area
50
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Periventricular nucleus
51
Oxytocin
Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus
52
Vasopressin ADH
Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus
53
VPLVentral posterior lateral
Relay: sensory Input: ascending somatosensory pathways from body Output: somatosensory cortex Function: relays somatosensation to body sensation
54
VPM
Relay: sensory Input: ascending somatosensory pathways from face/taste Output: somatosensory cortex Function: relays somatosensation from face and taste cortex
55
VL
Relay: motor Input: motor pathways from cerebellum and basal ganglia Output: motor, premotor and supplementary motor Functions relays motor function from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex
56
Pathway of the circuit of papez
Parahippocampal gyrus-hippocampus- mamillary bodies- thalamus - cingulate gyrus- parahippocampal gyrus
57
Function of the circuit of papez
Convergence of cognitive activities, emotional experience and expression
58
Pathway of the stria terminalis
AxonS form reciprocal connections between the amygdala and he hypothalamus and the septal nuclei
59
Function of stria terminalis
Coneect emotional and homeostatic centers that are involved with associative learning
60
Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
Connects amygdala with the basal ganglia olfactory cortex, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and septal nuclei
61
Function of the ventral amygdalofugal parthway
Involved in associative learning and linking emotion to homeostatic behaviors
62
Medial foramn bundle
Diffuse group of axons that carry information between the amygdala, brainstem nuclei and hypothalamus

Neuroscience (3 decks)

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