Neutrality 1911-14

Question 1

What was the Triple Alliance + who was in it?

Answer 1

• Secret military alliance renewed yearly (est. 1887)
  -Help each other in war, G supports ITALIAN AFRICAN COLONIAL AMBITIONS
• Italy
• Austria-Hungary
  *Germany

Question 2

What does interventionist mean?

Answer 2

• Wanting to JOIN the fighting in WW1

Question 3

What does neutralist mean?

Answer 3

• Wanting to EVADE fighting in WW1

Question 4

Who was an interventionist + why?

Answer 4

• Salandra
  -Could UNIFY country (patriotism + national identity)
• Nationalists + their PRESS
  -Make Italy a GREAT NATION at RIVALS’ expense
  -New TERRITORY
  -UNITE behind single cause + solidify NATIONAL IDENTITY

Question 5

Who was a neutralist + why?

Answer 5

• Catholic CHURCH
  -Refuse to denounce CATHOLIC AUSTRIA as an ENEMY
• Most ITALIANS
  -Conflict EUROPEAN
  -Austria against UNIFICATION.
  -Couldn’t care less about gaining land in NORTH.
• Giolitti
• Italy not 💰 ready (LIBYA 1911)

Question 6

Who was Italy’s PM 1914-16?

Answer 6

• Liberal SALANDRA

Question 7

Who did Italy secretly end up allying with?

Answer 7

• The Triple ENTENTE (Britain, France, Russia) during the TREATY OF LONDON

Question 8

Why could Italy ally with the Triple Entente instead of the Triple Alliance?

Answer 8

• Austro-Hungary declared war on SERBIA without INFORMING Italy
• Italy has INTERESTS in Serbia it wants to protect
• No longer has to ADHERE to alliance

Question 9

When did Italy stop being a neutral party to WW1?

Answer 9

• May 1915
• War began Aug 1914

Question 10

What was the period from 1914-15 called?

Answer 10

• The INTERVENTION Crisis

Question 11

What were the conditions of the Entente’s Treaty of London?

Answer 11

• Get Istria, South Tyrol + Dalmatia back (incl Trento, Trieste, Fiume) = IRREDENTISM fulfilled.
• AFRICAN COLONIES*

(*) Must pull weight

Question 12

What was the climate in Italy after the Treaty of London was announced?

Answer 12

• Prefect surveys: overwhelming FEAR, disinterest in IRREDENTISM + A-H
• Army GENERALS not INFORMED: politicians furious.
  -300 deputies against. RESIGNATION

Question 13

Why was Salandra reinstated?

Answer 13

• Giolitti opposes treaty + King threatens to ABDICATE without it. Refuses post.
  -Neutrality = ENEMIES everywhere
• May 16: Salandra reinstated w/ EMERGENCY POWERS

Question 14

How’d the PSI feel about Salandra’s emergency powers + why was it significant?

Answer 14

• Voted AGAINST; only far-left party IN EUROPE to not support it’s country’s intervention.

Question 15

Who did Salandra go into coalition with in the lead up to WW1?

Answer 15

• Nationalist ANI

*Interventionists use myth they FORCED gov into WW1 after 1918 for polit campaigns
- Mussolini