new and improved pt 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is Ash Dieback and its effect on trees?
Ash Dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a fungal disease that causes severe damage to ash trees. Symptoms include leaf loss, crown dieback, black lesions on branches and stems, and tree death. It spreads rapidly and can result in the loss of entire ash populations.
What is Shaggy Bracket (Inonotus hispidus) and its effect on trees?
Shaggy Bracket is a wood-decaying fungus that affects a variety of broadleaved trees, particularly oaks and willows. It causes white rot, weakening the wood and making the tree susceptible to structural failure. Fruiting bodies appear as shaggy, bracket-like structures on the tree.
How does Artist’s Bracket (Ganoderma applanatum) affect trees?
Artist’s Bracket is a fungal pathogen that causes cubical brown rot in trees. It infects the heartwood of various species, including beech, oak, and ash. The fruiting bodies form large, flat, white-to-brown brackets, often leaving a ‘drawing’ effect on their surface when touched, due to the growth of the fungus.
What is Birch Polypore (Piptoporus betulinus) and how does it affect birch trees?
Birch Polypore is a fungal pathogen that attacks birch trees, causing decay of the heartwood. Symptoms include brown cubical rot of the trunk and branches, leading to structural weakness. It is often visible as white, shelf-like fruiting bodies on the trunk.
What is Dryad’s Saddle (Polyporus squamosus) and its effect on trees?
Dryad’s Saddle is a fungal pathogen that causes decay in a wide range of hardwoods. It primarily affects the roots, trunk, and branches, leading to wood softening and the weakening of the tree. The fruiting bodies are large, bracket-shaped, and resemble a saddle, often appearing in the spring and summer.
What is tree destroyer (Phytophthora ramorum) and its impact on trees?
Tree destroyer is caused by the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. It affects a lot of plant spiecies. Symptoms include bleeding cankers on the bark, leaf spots, dieback, and tree mortality. The disease spreads via spores in water, infected plants, and tools.
How does Giant Polypore (Meripilus giganteus) affect trees?
Giant Polypore is a fungal pathogen that infects various hardwood species, especially beech and oak. It causes root and stem decay, weakening the tree’s structural integrity. The large, fan-shaped fruiting bodies grow at the base of the tree and can lead to significant timber loss and tree failure.
What is Cinder Fungus (Kretzschmaria deusta) and its effects on pine trees?
Cinder Fungus is a fungal pathogen that infects pine trees, causing soft rot in the tree. It produces small, black fruiting bodies that resemble cinders. Infected trees show yellowing and browning needles, leading to premature needle drop and weakened trees.
What is Chicken of the Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus) and how does it affect trees?
Chicken of the Woods is a fungus that decays the wood of various hardwood trees. It causes white rot in the heartwood, weakening the tree’s structure. The bright yellow and orange shelf-like fruiting bodies often appear on tree trunks and branches.
What are the symptoms and effects of Dutch Elm Disease (DED)?
Dutch Elm Disease is caused by the fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. It affects elm trees, causing wilting, yellowing leaves, and branch dieback. The disease spreads via elm bark beetles, leading to the rapid death of infected trees.
How does Red Band Needle Blight (Dothistroma septosporum) affect coniferous trees?
Red Band Needle Blight is a fungal disease that affects pine trees, particularly Scots pine. Symptoms include red-brown bands on needles, yellowing, and premature needle drop. Severe infections lead to reduced growth and the eventual death of the tree.
What is Beech Bark Disease and its impact on trees?
Beech Bark Disease is caused by a combination of the Nectria fungi and the beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga). The scale insect weakens the tree by feeding on the bark, allowing the fungi to infect and rot the tree’s wood. It leads to dieback, cankers, and eventually tree death.
