Pest and diseases Flashcards
learn them before exam!!! (10 cards)
What is Ash Dieback?
Ash Dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a fungal disease that affects ash trees. Symptoms include leaf loss, crown dieback, and blackened lesions on stems and branches. It is highly contagious and has caused significant damage to ash populations in the UK.
What are the main symptoms of Dutch Elm Disease (DED)?
Dutch Elm Disease is caused by the fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and browning of branches, typically starting at the top of the tree. The disease is spread by elm bark beetles.
How is Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) spread?
Phytophthora ramorum is a water-borne pathogen that spreads through infected plant material, wind, and water runoff. It affects various species, causing leaf spot, dieback, and stem lesions, and can lead to tree death. Infected plants, soil, and tools can also contribute to the spread.
What are the symptoms of Honey Fungus (Armillaria spp.)?
Honey Fungus is a root disease caused by fungi of the Armillaria species. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, dieback, and the appearance of white mycelial mats under the bark. It is spread through infected root systems and can be fatal to trees and shrubs.
What is Chestnut Blight and its impact?
Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectaria parasitica) is a fungal disease that affects American and European chestnut trees. It causes cankers on the bark, leading to the death of branches and, eventually, the whole tree. It has severely impacted chestnut populations in Europe and North America.
Describe the pest Red Gum Lerp Psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei).
Red Gum Lerp Psyllid is a sap-sucking insect that infests eucalyptus trees. The psyllids form protective waxy coverings (lerps) on the underside of leaves. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, leaf drop, and branch dieback, which can weaken trees.
What is Squirrel Damage in forestry?
Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) cause significant damage in forestry by stripping bark, particularly on young trees, and gnawing on branches. This can lead to tree mortality, particularly in hardwoods, and is a particular problem for plantation forestry.
What is Canker Stain and which tree species does it affect?
Canker Stain (Xylella fastidiosa) is a bacterial infection that affects a wide range of tree species, especially sycamore and plane trees. It causes discolouration of the wood, dieback, and eventual tree death. It is spread by leafhoppers and other insect vectors.
How does Oak Processionary Moth (Thaumetopea pityocampa) affect oak trees?
The Oak Processionary Moth is a forest pest whose larvae feed on oak leaves, causing defoliation. The caterpillars also have toxic hairs that can cause skin irritation to humans and animals. Infestations can weaken trees, making them more susceptible to other pests and diseases.
What is Woolly Apple Aphid and how does it damage trees?
Woolly Apple Aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) is a pest that feeds on apple trees. It creates a wool-like protective covering and infests branches, twigs, and roots. Damage includes leaf curl, reduced vigor, and potential dieback of affected trees.
