NEW - FINAL EXAM quiz questions

Question 1

What did the ‘Rat Park’ experiments demonstrate about addiction rates?

Answer 1

Addiction rates are powerfully determined by social and environmental factors.

Question 2

What are drug vaccines, such as NicVax, most effective at?

Answer 2

Preventing addiction.

Question 3

What is the least likely factor to induce relapse?

Answer 3

Decreased sensitivity of DA receptors.

Question 4

How does stress impact addiction?

Answer 4

Stress increases the efficacy of addictive drugs.

Question 5

Why are antagonist administration strategies often unsuccessful?

Answer 5

Patient non-compliance.

Question 6

What do neurons in the mesolimbic pathway produce?

Answer 6

Dopamine.

Question 7

Why are drugs used in agonist substitution protocols chosen?

Answer 7

They have longer half-lives.

Question 8

What kind of pharmaceutical approach is using Chantix to help people stop using nicotine?

Answer 8

Partial agonist substitution.

Question 9

What is the administration of Methadone to heroin addicts an example of?

Answer 9

Agonist substitution.

Question 10

Using naltrexone to treat alcohol abuse is an example of which pharmaceutical approach?

Answer 10

Antagonist administration.

Question 11

To which receptor does oxycodone bind the most?

Answer 11

Mu opioid.

Question 12

What is Suboxone a combination of?

Answer 12

Buprenorphine and naloxone.

Question 13

What is the primary indication for acetaminophen?

Answer 13

Analgesia and antipyresis.

Question 14

What is the order of opiate potency from lowest to highest?

Answer 14

Opium, morphine, heroin.

Question 15

Where are the cell bodies of nociceptors found?

Answer 15

Dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord.

Question 16

How much more potent is fentanyl compared to morphine?

Answer 16

At least 80 times.

Question 17

Which nucleus is NOT part of the descending pain modification system?

Answer 17

Nucleus basalts.

Question 18

What type of fibers transmit dull, diffuse pain signals?

Answer 18

C fibers.

Question 19

How does heroin compare to morphine?

Answer 19

Heroin is more lipid soluble.

Question 20

What can block the metabolism of codeine into morphine?

Answer 20

SSRIs.

Question 21

What therapeutic use might nicotine have?

Answer 21

Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 22

When is nicotine extremely toxic?

Answer 22

When taken orally.

Question 23

What is a serious side effect of varenicline?

Answer 23

Seizures.

Question 24

What type of agonist is nicotine?

Answer 24

ACh agonist.

Question 25

What type of agonist is varenicline?

Answer 25

Nicotine partial agonist.

Question 26

How does caffeine help treat migraine headaches?

Answer 26

It can constrict cerebral blood vessels.

Question 27

Why should varenicline not be combined with alcohol?

Answer 27

It increases the effects of alcohol.

Question 28

Which compound is NOT commonly found in e-cigarettes?

Answer 28

BPA.

Question 29

How does the route of administration affect nicotine?

Answer 29

It affects efficacy and potency.

Question 30

What negative interaction does nicotine have?

Answer 30

With oral contraceptives.

Question 31

How does methylphenidate compare to modafinil for ADHD treatment?

Answer 31

Equally effective.

Question 32

How is methamphetamine made from amphetamine?

Answer 32

By substituting a -CH3 group.

Question 33

What is a sympathomimetic drug?

Answer 33

A drug that has the same effect as adrenaline.

Question 34

What is the major pharmacodynamic mechanism of amphetamine?

Answer 34

Increased release of neurotransmitters.

Question 35

Which is NOT a serious side effect of methamphetamine use?

Answer 35

Liver failure.

Question 36

What is the primary indication of sibutramine?

Answer 36

Treatment of obesity.

Question 37

What withdrawal symptom is NOT associated with amphetamine dependency?

Answer 37

Altered pain threshold.

Question 38

How does methamphetamine produce anorexigenic effects?

Answer 38

By increasing CART production in the hypothalamus.

Question 39

What are the therapeutic uses of amphetamine?

Answer 39

Treatment of both narcolepsy and ADHD.

Question 40

In which patients should cocaine be used with caution?

Answer 40

Patients with cardiovascular disease.

Question 41

Why is zolpidem used as a sleep aid?

Answer 41

It has a relatively short half-life and inactive metabolites.

Question 42

Why have benzodiazepines largely replaced insomnia treatments?

Answer 42

They are less addictive.

Question 43

What is the most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant?

Answer 43

Respiratory depression.

Question 44

What does aldehyde dehydrogenase convert in alcohol metabolism?

Answer 44

Acetaldehyde into acetate.

Question 45

What does the half-life of ethanol depend on?

Answer 45

It does not depend on the amount consumed.

Question 46

What is the pregnancy category of temazepam?

Answer 46

X.

Question 47

What class of sedative is temazepam?

Answer 47

Benzodiazepine.

Question 48

Why do women have higher blood ethanol levels than men?

Answer 48

Lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system.

Question 49

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of naltrexone?

Answer 49

To block opiate receptors.

Question 50

What percentage of fatal automobile accidents involve alcohol?

Answer 50

50%.

Question 51

Under which DEA schedule is marijuana listed in the US?

Answer 51

I.

Question 52

When was marijuana legalized for non-medical use in California?

Answer 52

2016.

Question 53

What is the route of administration of Sativex?

Answer 53

Oral mucosal spray.

Question 54

What is NOT a primary indication of dronabinol?

Answer 54

Anxiety.

Question 55

What is the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana?

Answer 55

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Question 56

What is Nabiximols?

Answer 56

A non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist.

Question 57

How do hashish and marijuana differ?

Answer 57

In potency.

Question 58

What is a primary indication for cannabidiol?

Answer 58

Seizure reduction.

Question 59

What is NOT an off-label use for Epidiolex?

Answer 59

Weight loss.

Question 60

How many states in the US have legalized marijuana for medical or recreational use?

Answer 60

46.

Question 61

What was the NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics initially developed as?

Answer 61

Anesthetics.

Question 62

Who should not use psychedelics?

Answer 62

People with a history of schizophrenia.

Question 63

What type of psychedelic is ketamine?

Answer 63

NMDA antagonist.

Question 64

From where is mescaline commonly derived?

Answer 64

Peyote cactus.

Question 65

Which neurotransmitters do catecholaminelike psychedelics affect?

Answer 65

Serotonin and dopamine.

Question 66

What is the molecular structure of LSD similar to?

Answer 66

Serotonin.

Question 67

From what is LSD derived?

Answer 67

Ergot.

Question 68

What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?

Answer 68

Enactogen.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a serotoninlike psychedelic?

Answer 69

PCP.

Question 70

For what has LSD been studied as a treatment?

Answer 70

It has NOT been studied for cancer.