new media Flashcards
Boyle - technological convergence
digitalisation allows everything in one system
economic convergence
digitalisation reduced boundaries between sectors so alliances made
Jenkins - cultural convergence
changed the way members of society interact with media & others
eg. nature of consumerism changed (buying food, music, holidays)
compression
signals sent through same cable = ‘narrowcasting’
Boyle - compression
media companies now focus on creating personalised experience
interactivity
responsive in real time to user input through clicking links and selecting menu items
characteristics of new media
- convergence
- interactivity
- compression
Jenkins - participatory culture
interactivity & convergence = producers and consumers no longer have separate roles - now pps who interact with each other according to an evolving set of rules
(bloggers have more control)
Jenkins - collective intelligence
interactivity allows us to put pieces of knowledge together to combine skills and resources to build collective intelligence
e.g. online discussions, online live games
Boyle - interactivity
move from supply led TV to demand led TV system = consumers encouraged to take active role
divides in who uses new media
- generational
- class
- gender
- global
Boyle - generational divide
young people grown up with new media = different experience
new media often associated with young people
class divide
poor often excluded from new media because they lack material resources
Helper - class divide
despite narrowing of class divide, a digital underclass characterised by unemployment, low education levels & digital skills does exist in the UK
Li & Kirkup - gender divide
men more likely to use email/chat rooms and play computer games = more confident about computer skills
gender divide
2006 Ofcom - girls 12-15 more likely to have a phone, use the internet, listen to radio & read magazines
global divide
85% of websites in English
Europe & North America = 28% of internet users / only 16% of population
poorest countries lack access
Curran & Seaton - new media
2 perspectives dominate new media debate
- neophiliacs (pomo)
- cultural pessimists
neophiliac perspective - media is beneficial
- increased consumer choice
- e-commerce revolution
- greater democracy
- social life and interaction enhanced
cultural pessimist perspective - revolution has been exaggerated
- ‘not-so-new’ media
- domination by media conglomerates
- commercialisation
- reinforcing elite power
- decline in quality of popular culture
- lack of regulation
-undermining of human relationships
increased consumer choice (N)
- convergence, compression & interactivity = more choice
- competition = higher quality output
- more access to high culture
e-comerce revolution (N)
websites = competition = consumer choice = low prices & consumers in control
greater democracy (N)
social media = more opportunities to report, criticise & comment = culture of questioning, challenging & holding to account authority positions
Itzoe - greater democracy
any political view can be found on the internet
