new right & some marxist education Flashcards

Question

what did the neo marxist ALTHUSSER believe?

Answer 1

-believes education acts as an ideological state apparatus that firstly reproduces the values of a capitalist state & controls peoples viewed and ideas without using force (force is seen as wrong) -done through the HIDDEN CURRICULUM, students taught to be obedient & show respect to those higher up in hierarchy -true thought is discouraged -education justifies inequalities

Answer 2

a way that societies maintain inequality and power imbalances through subtle and often unconscious means like stereotypes, language, and culture, rather than physical force. It's about how society can perpetuate inequality without people realizing it. -Bourdieu

Answer 3

-Bowles and Gintis -role of education is that school mirrors workplace, prepares children to fit easily into future exploitation as part of proletariat -education controlled by capitalists & serves their interests -capitalism requires hard working, obedient workforce that will not challenge authority -education corresponds to employment through hidden curriculum -myth of meritocracy -marxists legitimise inequality

Answer 4

-conformist pupils awarded higher grade than those who challenge authority -acceptance of hierarchy, teachers give orders & students obey -pupils motivated by external rewards (exams) & not intrinsic rewards (enjoyment) —> mirrors workplace -work & education are fragmented so students or workers have little understanding of overall production (keeps them divided) -education transmits myth of meritocracy, illusion of fairness, social mobility

Answer 5

refers to the dominance in society of the ruling class’ set of ideas over others & acceptance of and consent to them by the rest of society

Answer 6

where control of the working class is mainly achieved through the hegemony & acceptance of ruling class ideas

Answer 7

consists of social institutions eg education and the family

Answer 8

economic base, the production forces, materials & resources

Answer 9

working class

Answer 10

the ruling class, small but powerful

Answer 11

agencies which serve to spread dominant ideology and justify the power of the dominant social class

Answer 12

the cultural framework & set of ideas possessed by each social class, into which people are socialised & which influences their tastes eg music

Answer 13

the knowledge, language, attitudes, values, network of social contacts & lifestyle possessed by the upper & upper middle class, gives students in upper class an advantage

Answer 14

attitudes and behaviour which are taught though the schools organisation & teachers attitudes, not taught though formal timetable

Answer 15

meritocracy through one’s own merits regardless of one’s social position is not widely attainable in capitalist societies due to cultural capital & material capital

Answer 16

school mirrors workplace, teaches to be obedient, links to hidden curriculum

Answer 17

takes place via socialisation of the young

Answer 18

-the bourgeoisie or capitalists marx saw as owning class, small but powerful group -ruling class because they owned means of production -Govs need to think of the power of the bourgeoisie otherwise there could be unemployment or social unrest without bourgeoisie investment eg Qatar world cup, banks ignore offshore accounts

Answer 19

-in capitalist society, means of production are privately owned & most people depended on owners for their employment -Marx argues workers produce more than is needed for employers to pay them their wages, the extra is the surplus value & provides profit for employer

Answer 20

marx believed the dominant ideas in any society were those of ruling class major institutions in society reflect those ideas

Answer 21

thought exploited workers didn’t realise they were being exploited & therefore didn’t rebel & accepted this way, didn’t recognise real interests

Answer 22

much bigger WC, exploited by bourgeoisie as they only have labour power to sell -capitalists exploit WC by making profits from them & keeping wages low

Answer 23

marxists & feminists argue that education operates as an ideological tool manipulating people into thinking in certain ways that then legitimise exploitation by the ruling class & this promotes inequality

Answer 24

-it reproduces inequalities & social relations of production of capitalist society, those from higher social classes = access to better jobs ( produces inequalities) -serves to justify inequalities through myth of meritocracy through exam systems —> legitimating inequality

Answer 25

-both see schools as a role in legitimising social inequality -both are macro theories concerned with structural relationship between education & other parts of the social system -both see education as serving the needs of industrial &/ or capitalist society -both see education system as essential for instilling attitudes, norms, belief of students -both place too much emphasis on role of education in forming students identity & pay too little attention to influences of other agencies such as family, media, war -don’t fully understand the way students react to schooling i way that are not necessary functional for social system or capitalism -both see education as too closely tied to economy & exaggerate the extent to which schools do actually provide a ready willing & qualified labour force

Answer 26

-important part of superstructure of society -reproduces inequalities through myth of meritocracy -Althusser (1971) says main role is to transmit ISA values (ruling class or capitalist) disguised as common values -Ramsay (1983) claimed that knowledge is being used as a form of social control and there is a hidden curriculum to keep WC and ethnic minorities in place -Bourdieu (1977) symbolic violence where the WC are effectively duped into accepting their failure & limited social mobility, their cultural attributes are rejected, because the system is denied & is for MC who succeed by default -Illich a radical marxist wants to get rid of school completely -Bowles & Gintis (1976) argue that education serves to reproduce directly the capitalist relations of production, the hierarchy of workers from the boss down -Bowles and Gintis correspondence theory suggest that what goes on in school corresponds directly to workplace, they express success is not entirely related to intellectual ability but the ability to conform and rise above those who challenge the system

Answer 27

-saw role of education as justifying class inequalities and reproducing class structures -each social class has its own cultural framework which he calls habitus, dominant class has power to impose its own habitus on education system -culture capital, UC have more advantage

Answer 28

-Bourdieu (1977), the process by a dominant culture penetrates educational institutions -MC advantage as they have been socialised better eg elaborate codes

Answer 29

-reproduction takes place via socialisation of the young -in effect MC kids have MC jobs when they grow up and have MC kids

Answer 30

Illich (1995) argues schools are repressive institutions which promote conformity & encourage passive acceptance of existing inequalities, schools should encourage students to be critical & think for themselves Freire (1996) sees schools as oppressive institutions where students are conditioned to accept dominion & subordination eg students obey teachers

Answer 31

-Althusser, Freire & Illich suggest that schools contribute the dominance of the ruling class and their ideas (the hegemony) -the ruling classes have hegemonic control by convincing the rest of society that their ideas are superior & truth

Answer 32

-most influential neo marxist study of education is ethnographic (1 culture) study of group of boys in midlands comprehensive school in 1970s, used interviews, observations & participant observation -lads saw themselves superior to staff & other pupils -not interested in academic qualifications -aimed to do little work as possible while entertaining themselves through bad behaviour -unhappy with being treated as children -formed a counter culture which was sexist & racist, valued tradition working class masculinity

Answer 33

-Willis followed lads into 1st jobs, often in factories, shop floor culture present similar to school counter culture which was racist & sexist, little respect for authority workers, did very little & tried to enjoy themselves by doing little as possible -developed way of coping with boring work Willis argues to some extent they saw through the capitalist stem believing they had little change of success and gaining well paid jobs also said they did go into jobs where exploited by ruling class criticisms: -too small of a sample to make generalisations -historically dated -cannot be used to explain why bits underachieved

Answer 34

-failure to recognise correspondence between schools and the needs of economy in terms of formal curriculum -Beynolds (1984) claims curriculum does not seem designed to teach the skills needed by employers -employers are highly critical of low level of employability skills possessed by graduates & school leavers -Willis (1977) learned to behave in a way that didn’t fit in with capitalism heed for a docile workforce, willis however supported principle that schools reproduce relations of production by showing the boys in anti school subculture shaped a similar outlook to the workers in factories they were likely to end up in

Answer 35

-correspondence principle, capitalism requires low skilled workers willing to put up with alienating work on mass production lines —> system called POST FORDISM because the ford motor company was 1st to introduce it, Bowles & Gintis believe that education prepares pupils for this type of work, Fragmented & Diverse -argue marxists views are outdated, class divisions no longer important —> society more diverse & fragmented & economy based on flexible specialisation where production is customised for small scale specialist markets —> post fording system requires a skilled adaptable workforce able to use advanced technology -post fordism calls for different type of education and education responded by becoming more diverse, encourages self motivation & creativity, provides life long learning because new technologies makes some skills obsolete -post modernists argue education is more diverse & responsive to need of different individuals as the correspondence principle no longer operates

Answer 36

-brown (1997) discredits belief as now much requires teamwork rather than obedience -exam system set up whereby one individual competes with another, discourages development of skills

new right & some marxist education Flashcards

(62 cards)