New Urban Environmenta

Question 1

5 types

Answer 1

1 town centre and mixed developments
2 cultural and heritage quarters
3 fortress developments
4 Gentrified areas
5 edge cities

Question 2

‘Old’ urban landscape

Answer 2

Burgess model
CBD
Inner city
Inner and outer suburbs

Question 3

Reasons for change

Answer 3

Inner city decline
Suburbanisation
Decentralisation
Internet shopping
Urban resurgence

Question 4

Town centre mixed developments

Answer 4

Attempting to increase attraction of the city centre
By:
- increase functions other than retail
- improved public spaces
- quality street entertainment = convent garden
- nightlife
- flagship developments = winter gardens in Sheffield
- hotels and conference centres
- residential areas

Question 5

York town centre mixed developments

Answer 5

-Cinemas and cafes
-Festivals like Jorvik, food festival and Christmas
-Stone bow redevelopment to residential

Question 6

Cultural and heritage centres examples

Answer 6

Culturally led developments 1980s-

Sheffield cultural industries quarter: includes red tape music studios, lead-mill nightclub and Sheffield institute of art

Birmingham jewellery quarter: home to 100+ retailers, diamond dealers and workshops

Question 7

Fortress landscapes
What and features

Answer 7

Landscapes designed around security, protection, surveillance and exclusion

-CCTV
-railings and dedense
- mosquito alarms to get rid of young people
- effective street lights
-speed ramps
-more windows
-avoided dead ends

Question 8

Another name for fortress developments

Answer 8

Gated communities like the malting in Micklegate

Question 9

Gentrified areas

Answer 9

Areas where character of poor urban area has been changed by wealthier people moving in

Eg Notting Hill and Bishy Road

Question 10

Reasons for gentrification

Answer 10

Investment potential
Commuting costs
Pioneer image
Social and demographic change

Question 11

Edge cities

Answer 11

Self contained settlements which have emerged beyond the original city boundary and developed as a city in their own right

Example Pasadena

Question 12

Characteristics of edge cities

Answer 12

-typically in USA
-relatively recent developments
-high car ownership
- limited planning restrictions
- close to Major roads and airports
-decentralised shops and office
-lack clear structure