New urban landscapes

Question 1

New urban landscapes

Answer 1

1. Town centre mixed developments
2. Cultural + heritage quaters
3. Gentrified areas
4. Fortess landscapes
5. Edge cities

Question 2

Town centre mixed developments

Answer 2

encouring the development of functions other than retailing to increase the attractions of the city centre e.g. leisure, facilities, gardens, plazas and flagship developments
* current trend is to develop town centres so theres a combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional and industrial
* designed to be functionally + physically integrated with free flowing pedestrian access
* e.g. Covent Gardens or Exeter
+ large cities can attract shoppers + visitors back to city centre after period of decline

Question 3

Cultural and heritage quarters

Answer 3

developing a cultural quarter in order to encourage the growth and revitalise the local economy in arts + creative industries
* deliberate model for urban regeneration of declining inner urban areas
* Cultural= presence of cultural production (e.g. making objects, goods) or consumption (people seeing shows, galleries etc)
* Heritage= history of area based around small-scale industries
* built up regional (or national) reputation which attracts visitors, tourists, bringing financial benefits
* e.g. Birmingham Jewllery quarter
+ used as a tool for regenration, improving perceptions of a place + preserving history + culture

Question 4

Gentrification

Answer 4

a form of inner city regeneration where affluent, young, middle class people move into traditionally run-down and deprived areas
* buying and renovating properties in run down areas by young wealthy individuals
* individuals rather than large organisations
* e.g. Shoreditch
* raised concerns about the displacement of low-income families and small businesses
+ helped to regenrate large parts of British inner cities

Question 5

Fortress landscapes/ developments

Answer 5

designed with the sole purpose of security, protection, surveillance + exclusion
* as theres an increased need to promote urban centres, many companies + agenices wanted to ensure that people visted were protected and incorrect people were discouraged from coming to that area
* e.g. CCTV, mosquito alarms, railing + fencing around private areas, street lighting and spped bumps
+ adopted to reduce crime in urban hotspots e.g. city centre

Question 6

Edge cities

Answer 6

a concentration of businesses, shopping + entertainment outside of a traditional downtown area in what has previously been a residential/ rural area
Characteristics:
1. more than 5 million sq ft of office space
2. over 600,000 sq ft of retail space
3. more jobs than homes/ bedrooms
4. single end destination- has it all entertainment, shopping etc
5. not have been anything like a city 30 years ago
* home to office towers, retail complexes, located close to major highways
* self contained settlements which emerged beyond city boundary + developed as cities in their own right
* result of urban sprawl, car ownership, travelling long distances for work, shopping and entertainment