newborn

Question 1

Apgar – appearance

Answer 1

Zero – blue and pale
One – acrocyanosis
Two – all pink

Question 2

Apgar – pulse

Answer 2

zero – absent
One – less than 100
Two – more than 100

Question 3

Apgar – grimace

Answer 3

Zero – no response
One – weak grimace
Two – coughing and crying

Question 4

Apgar – activity

Answer 4

zero – limp
One – arms, and legs flexed
Two – strong tone, flexing

Question 5

Apgar – respiration

Answer 5

Zero – absent
One – slow, irregular
two – good regular strong cry

Question 6

what is the mechanical change during birth for newborns?

Answer 6

Fetal chest is compressed to squeeze fluid out of lungs

Question 7

what type of delivery is less likely to be successful in squeezing fluid out of lungs?

Answer 7

C-section

Question 8

what is the chemical stimuli to trigger the first breath?

Answer 8

Increased PC02
decreased PH and PO2

Question 9

respiratory rate within first two hours of life

Answer 9

60-70 / min

Question 10

respiratory rate two hours after life

Answer 10

30-60/min

Question 11

periodic respirations

Answer 11

Normal
Pauses in breathing up to 20 seconds

Question 12

Apneic, respirations

Answer 12

abnormal
Pause in breathing greater than 20 seconds

Question 13

signs of respiratory distress

Answer 13

Nasal flaring
Intercostal retractions
Expiratory, grunting
Increased respiratory rate

Question 14

is transient tachypnea progressive or rapid distress?

Answer 14

Progressive over 6–72 hours

Question 15

T/F you should feed an infant orally with respiratory rate greater than 60

Answer 15

False, aspiration risk

Question 16

how is surfactant development in Alveoli stimulated

Answer 16

Betamethasone
Rupture of membranes

Question 17

normal heart rate for newborns

Answer 17

110-160
apical-1min!!

Question 18

when can an infants heart rate drop?

Answer 18

During sleep
80–100

Question 19

when can infants, heart rate elevate?

Answer 19

Crying
160–180

Question 20

Convection

Answer 20

Warm body surface to cooler air temperature

Question 21

radiation

Answer 21

Heated body surface to cooler object not in contact with baby

Question 22

evaporation

Answer 22

Water turns to vapor
example – baby is wet after bath

Question 23

conduction

Answer 23

Cooler surface by direct contact with baby

Question 24

normal temperature range for baby

Answer 24

97.7–99.5°.

Question 25

sx hypothermia

Answer 25

Hypotension Hypoglycemia Acrocyanosis Mottled skin Bradycardia Tachypnea Poor feeding Decreased muscle tone

Question 26

treatment for hypothermia

Answer 26

Skin to skin Warm blanket Increase room temperature Recheck temp in 10 minutes

Question 27

hyperthermia causes

Answer 27

Overheated by incubators, warmers Excessive swaddling Dehydration

Question 28

sx hyperthermia

Answer 28

Tachycardia, tachypnea Flushing Lethargic Poor feeding

Question 29

consequences of hyperthermia

Answer 29

Hypotension Seizures Apnea Hypernatremia

Question 30

treatment for hyper thermia

Answer 30

Move away from heat source undress as needed Initiate breast-feeding to replace fluids

Question 31

what should be done if acrocyanosis or central cyanosis is occurring

Answer 31

Place pulse ox

Question 32

How did preterm and term babies resting posture compare

Answer 32

preterm are extended Term are flexed

Question 33

Who is likely to have more vernix a pre-or post term baby?

Answer 33

Preterm

Question 34

is a term or post term baby more likely to have peeling skin

Answer 34

Post term

Question 35

Cephalohematoma

Answer 35

Collection of blood in cranial bone and periosteal membrane does not cross sutures Increased jaundice, and BiliRubin Anemia

Question 36

caput succedaneum

Answer 36

Collection of fluid in the soft tissues, causing swelling Crosses sutures

Question 37

is subconjunctival hemorrhage worrisome?

Answer 37

No, resolves itself

Question 38

transient strabismus

Answer 38

Cross eyed

Question 39

doll eyes

Answer 39

When Head turns eyes move in opposite direction Underdeveloped head eye coordination

Question 40

What are Epstein’s pearls?

Answer 40

Cysts with keratin

Question 41

does lanugo increase or decrease with age

Answer 41

Decreases

Question 42

Who is more likely to have an umbilical hernia?

Answer 42

African-American infants

Question 43

preterm male genitalia

Answer 43

Small scrotum Testes palpable in inguinal canal

Question 44

Male genitalia in term infants

Answer 44

testes in lower scrotum

Question 45

Female genitalia for preterm infants

Answer 45

clitoris present Small labia majora Widely separated

Question 46

hydrocele

Answer 46

Collection of fluid surrounding scrotum and testes

Question 47

Hypospadia’s

Answer 47

Meatus on ventral spot of penis

Question 48

Epispadias

Answer 48

Meatus on dorsal part of penis

Question 49

cryptocordism

Answer 49

Failure for testes descend

Question 50

should any male infants with genitalia variations be able to complete a circumcision

Answer 50

No, must see urology first