Newborn and Well Child Exams Flashcards
(44 cards)
Erythromycin prophylaxis in newborns is to prevent what?
Ophthalmia neonatorum (which can lead to corneal scarring)
What assesses fetal maturation of newly born infants?
New Ballard score
What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
- Untreated gonorrhea causing purulent discharge from the eye in a newborn
- Can lead to corneal scarring
- Erythromycin prophylaxis in newborns to avoid this
What is auditory brainstem response screening?
- Screening to evaluate the integrity of the auditory pathway of a newborn
- Soft clicking sound in each ear, electrodes monitor response
What is caput succedaneum?
- Neonatal condition
- WNL fluid collection causing swelling of head due to pressure against the cervix during delivery
- Resolves in 3-4 days
What is cephalohematoma?
- Hematoma underneath the skin in the periosteum of a newborn’s skull
- Causes unnecessary pooling of blood
- Takes months to resolve
Biggest difference between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?
Caput succedaneum will take days to resolve, but cephalohematoma could take months
How to differentiate caput succedaneum vs. cephalohematoma?
- Caput can occur across suture lines
- Cephalohematoma cannot occur across suture lines (periosteum ends there)
What is worse in infants/children: inguinal or umbilicus hernias?
Inguinal
What is a Simian crease?
- Single line that runs across the palm of the hand
- Small hands or Down Syndrome
Barlow and Ortolani tests?
Newborn hip exam (to assess for developmental hip dysplasia)
- Barlow: dislocate hip by pushing down
- Ortolani: relocate hip by pulling up
Newborn exam: potential signs of spina bifida?
- Sacral sinus and dimple
- Hair tuft
What is congenital dermal melanocytosis?
- Skin finding of newborn
- Hyperpigmented
- Fades with time
Why does neonatal acne develop?
Likely due to withdrawal from mother’s hormones
How to treat sebaceous gland hyperplasia vs. neonatal acne?
Don’t treat either one - difficult to do and they’ll just resolve on their own
Why does seborrheic dermatitis in the newborn typically develop in a triangle on the back of the head?
No one wants to scrub/scrape that area (because of the fontanelle)
What is salmon patch hemangioma?
Very superficial blood vessels found on newborns - fade over time
Describe the moro reflex
- The “startle” reflex
- Present in up to 4-5 mos old
- Slightly drop infant
- Infant will spread out arms (abduct), unspread arms (adduct), and cry
Describe the stepping reflex
- Hold newborn upright
- Baby lifts feet as if walking
Describe palmar/plantar grasp
- Newborn reflex
- Place your finger on palm or plantar surface
- Fingers or toes will curl to grasp
Describe the rooting reflex
- Touch anywhere on the face of a newborn
- Head turns to the side
- Present by 28 weeks gestation
Describe meconium
- Early feces of newborn
- Black/dark green
- Heme positive
- Passed from the body prior to any digestion of milk/formula (consists of desquamated GI cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, water)
Feces of a newborn once it is being fed milk/formula
- May take a week of feeding to be produced
- Bright yellow, curdled
- Looks like diarrhea
What is considered physiologic jaundice?
- Visible jaundice appearing AFTER 24 hrs of age (anything before that is abnormal)
- Total bilirubin rises slowly (less than 5 mg/dL per day)
