Newborn Infections Flashcards
(24 cards)
HSV local infection typically will present in the newborn at:
1-2 weeks of life and often present at areas of trauma
CNS complications of HSV infection:
Seizures and encephalitis- occurs most commonly 2-4 weeks of life
Disseminated HSV infection typically presents:
During first 2 weeks of life
HSV infection diagnosis:
Vesicle scrapings for rapid diagnostic tests.
Cutaneous and mucous cultures are preferably obtained 24-48 hours after delivery to differentiate colonization from true infection but should be done immediately in symptomatic infants.
HSV treatment:
Skin/mucus membrane involvement: acyclovir IV 20mg/kg/dose QID for 14 days.
CNS involvement- same just 21 days
Chlamydia infection of the newborn happens:
At time of delivery via inoculation of the infants eyes or respiratory tract.
TX for chlamydial infection:
Erythromycin 50mg/kg/day QID for 10-14 days
-risk of pyloric stenosis
When do chlamydial eye and respiratory infections typically occur?
Eye- 5 days post-delivery
Respiratory- up to 19 weeks post delivery
When do gonorrheal infections present:
2-5 days post delivery
Gonorrheal treatment:
1 dose ceftriaxone 125 mg IV/IM
Gonorrheal ophthalmia is also called:
Ophthalmia neonatorum and discharge and swelling is more significant than with chlamydial infection.
Types of group B infection:
EArly onset- first 24 hours of life
Late onset- during second week of life
Infants with early-onset disease and are symptomatic at birth indicate-
An intrauterine infection
Risk factors for GBS infection:
Infants less than 37 weeks gestation ROM longer than 18 hours Maternal fever during labor Previous delivery of a sibling with invasive GBS Maternal chorioamnionitis
Required diagnostic tests for GBS:
CSF culture
Blood culture
GBS management:
Ampicillin IV
Gentamicin IV
Prevention of GBS:
Screening of all pregnant women at 35-37 weeks
IV penicillin or ampicillin given at onset of labor and repeated every 4 hours until baby is born except with c-section: given before onset of labor
Laboring women with unknown GBS status should be given antibiotics if:
Labor starts prior to 37 weeks gestation
Prolonged ROM greater than 18 hours
Fever during labor
Antibiotics given to mother in labor only prevent what type of GBS infection?
Early-onset
Fetal alcohol syndrome effects on the fetus:
IUGR
Increased rate of malformation
Chronic fetal hypoxia
Common characteristics of infants with Down syndrome:
Hypotonia Hyperlaxity Oblique palpebral fissures Protruding tongue Flat nasal bridge Small ears Brush field spots on the iris Short, wide hands Simian creases Growth retardation Wide gap between first and second toes Mental retardatiob
Down syndrome screening:
1st trimester- beta-HCG and US for NT test
2nd trimester- 15-19 weeks- quad screen- AFP, estriol, HCG, and inhibin-Alpha
Lab values for Down syndrome screening:
AFP- decreased
uE3- decreased
HCG- elevated
Dia- elevated
Children with Down syndrome should get what screenings?
Cardiac echo at diagnosis at prn
Screen for MV prolapse one adolescents
Hearing at birth and at 6 month
Eye screenings at 4m, 12m, and 24 m then q2years
Thyroid as newborn, 6 months, 12 months, annually
Cervical spine at 3-5 years
