Newborn Neurology

Question 1

DM is a risk factor for fetal

Answer 1

congenital malformations and neonatal hypoglycemia

Question 2

Suboxone or methadone tx puts fetus at risk for

Answer 2

neonatal abstinence syndrome

Question 3

maternal alcohol use leads to

Answer 3

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 4

what high risk behaviors is domestic violence and homelessness associated with?

Answer 4

poor maternal nutrition and poor prenatal care

Question 5

moms with Group B streptococcus vaginal colonization should get..

Answer 5

need abx prophylaxis so no transmission to newborn

Question 6

Apgar score is used to assess newborn..

Answer 6

response to transition / resuscitation

Question 7

APGAR stands for..

Answer 7

appearance 
pulse 
grimace 
activity 
respirations

Question 8

normal apgar score is

Answer 8

7-10

Question 9

normal infant respiratory rate is..

Answer 9

30-60 breaths per min

Question 10

normal infant HR awake and at rest

Answer 10

awake: 120-160
asleep: 80-90

Question 11

new ballard score estimates

Answer 11

gestational age of newborn based on 6 physical and 6 neurological criteria

Question 12

6 physical criteria of new ballard score

Answer 12

skin 
lanugo hair 
plantar surface of foot 
breast 
eyes 
ears 
genitalia

Question 13

with age I should expect to see..

Answer 13

1. decreased skin translucency
2. increase skin wrinkles
3. less lanugo hair
4. larger more well defined breast tissue
5. loss of eyelid fusion and pinna firming up
6. scrotum more rugae
7. formation of labia minora, labia majora

Question 14

6 neurological criteria

Answer 14

posture 
square window 
arm recoil 
popliteal angle 
scarf sign 
heel to ear

Question 15

what does square window refer to?

Answer 15

measuring joint laxity between the palm of hand and forearm with wrist held in full flexion

Question 16

arm recoil measures..

Answer 16

passive flexor tone of biceps

should increase with age

Question 17

a hoarse cry suggests

Answer 17

vocal cord problem

Question 18

a high pitch cat like cry suggests

Answer 18

cri -du- chat syndrome

Question 19

Wharton jelly?

Answer 19

jelly in the umbilical cord

fetal nutrition.. thick cord good sign!

Question 20

dysmorphic features def

Answer 20

facial or anatomic features concerning for a genetic syndrome

like Down Syndrome

Question 21

caput succedaneum

Answer 21

edema of sclap due to pressure against cervix during birth

swelling crosses suture lines

resolves in days

Question 22

cephalohematoma

Answer 22

from bleeding betwn. periosteum and skull

swelling does not cross suture lines

resolves in weeks

Question 23

congenital torticollis

Answer 23

top of head tilted to one shoulder and chin rotated to other

birth trauma to SCM leads to hematoma

Question 24

what can torticollis predispose to?

Answer 24

deformational plagiocephaly

cranial flattening from infant always lying one way

Question 25

redundant skin / webbing seen with some genetic syndromes like..

Answer 25

turner syndrome | down syndrome

Question 26

congenital scoliosis can be caused by____

Answer 26

hemivertebra or other vertebral deformity

Question 27

spina bifida occulta has ___ malformed

Answer 27

vertebrae

Question 28

meningocele is__

Answer 28

vertebrae malform with meningeal sac protruding

Question 29

2 or more midline skin lesions is higher risk for..

Answer 29

spina bifida occulta sacral dimple, hemangioma, nevus, skin tag, hair tuft etc..

Question 30

normal level of alterness for new born is when there is..

Answer 30

``` quite sleep active sleep drowsiness quiet alert active alert and cyring ```

Question 31

asymmetric extremity mvmts suggest

Answer 31

weakness

Question 32

what are 4 mvmts sometimes mistaken for a seizure

Answer 32

1. non sustained jitteriness and tremulousness 2. choreoathetoid mvmt of hands 3. migrating myoclonus during sleep 4. facial twitching during sleep

Question 33

three ways to test muscle strength for infant

Answer 33

ventral suspension vertical suspension step reflex

Question 34

what CN are needed for successful feeding?

Answer 34

CN 5,7,9,10,12

Question 35

t/f newborns typically have Babinski extensor reflex

Answer 35

true | big toe up and fanning of the other toes

Question 36

what controls newborn reflexes?

Answer 36

basal ganglia brainstem spinal cord

Question 37

gallant reflex

Answer 37

stroking the paraspinous muscles cause the infant's trunk to curve toward the ipsilateral side

Question 38

5 s of consolable crying

Answer 38

``` Suck swaddle shush swing side or stomach ```

Question 39

ipsilateral CN12 palsy is indicated by..

Answer 39

tongue deviating to one side

Question 40

atrophy and fasciculation of the tongue are seen in..

Answer 40

type 1 spinal muscular atrophy

Question 41

masseter reflex

Answer 41

tapping mandible just beneath lower lip =