Newcastle Disease And Infectious Bronchitis Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Newcastle Disease (NCD)?
An acute rapidly spreading respiratory disease characterized by harsh breathing, coughing, sneezing, and nervous manifestations.
What type of virus causes Newcastle Disease?
Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), an RNA virus.
Which poultry species are most susceptible to Newcastle Disease?
- Chickens
- Turkeys
- Pigeons
- Ducks
What is the morbidity and mortality rate for Newcastle Disease?
Up to 100% morbidity and 50% mortality (up to 90% in young birds).
How is Newcastle Disease primarily prevented?
Through vaccination and strict biosecurity.
What are the two classifications of Newcastle Disease viruses based on virulence?
- Velogens (virulent)
- Mesogens (moderately virulent)
What external factors can affect the severity of Newcastle Disease?
- Stress
- Environmental temperature
- Season
What are the common symptoms of Newcastle Disease?
- Drop in feed intake
- Respiratory signs (gasping, coughing, sneezing)
- Neurologic signs (incoordination, paralysis)
- Greenish, watery diarrhea
What is the incubation period for Newcastle Disease?
4 to 6 days, but clinical signs may appear as early as 2 days and as late as 15 days postinfection.
How is Newcastle Disease transmitted?
- Direct contact with infected birds
- Contaminated farm equipment, feed, or water
- Contaminated clothing and footwear
- Airborne transmission
What is the primary method for diagnosing Newcastle Disease?
Isolation of Newcastle Disease virus or detection of vNDV RNA.
What is the treatment for Newcastle Disease?
There is no specific treatment; supportive care with antibiotics for secondary infections may be used.
What is Infectious Bronchitis?
A highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens characterized by rapid spread and respiratory signs.
What virus causes Infectious Bronchitis?
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian gammacoronavirus.
What is the morbidity rate for flocks affected by Infectious Bronchitis?
Typically 100%.
What are common symptoms of Infectious Bronchitis?
- Gasping
- Coughing
- Tracheal rales
- Nasal discharge
What are the factors influencing the severity of Infectious Bronchitis?
- Strain of the virus
- Age, strain, immune status, and diet of the chicken
- Environmental factors (ventilation, temperature)
How is Infectious Bronchitis transmitted?
- Airborne or aerosol transmission
- Direct contact with sick birds
- Contaminated feed, water, equipment
What diagnostic methods are used for Infectious Bronchitis?
- Detection of rising antibody titers by ELISA
- Virus detection using RT-PCR
What is the treatment for Infectious Bronchitis?
- Antimicrobials for secondary infections
- Supportive care
- Vaccination with attenuated or killed vaccines
What is a significant challenge in controlling Infectious Bronchitis?
Different antigenic types of IBV do not cross-protect.
What is the incubation period for Infectious Bronchitis?
Generally 24–48 hours.
What are common lesions found in chickens with Infectious Bronchitis?
- Serous, catarrhal, or caseous exudates in the respiratory tract
- Cloudy air sac thickening
What is the importance of surveillance in managing Infectious Bronchitis?
Constant surveillance is required to identify circulating IBV types specific to geographical regions.
