Newspapers Flashcards
Cultural Capital
knowledge of culture that signifies a person’s position in society through embodied, objectified, and institutionalised interactions with works of culture
Demographics: ABC system
A: Upper class
B: Middle Class
C1: Lower middle class
C2: Skilled working class
D: Working class
E: Lowest grade workers, the unemployed and pensioners
Psychographics: Maslow’s Hierarchy
self actualisation can only be reached once other basic needs are met
Psychographics: Consumer categories
Explorer: discovery oriented, needs challenge and tries new things
Aspirer: materialistic, superficial, core need is for status
Mainstreamer: domestic, needs security, focus is on family and value
Succeeder: self confident, goal oriented, core need is for control
Reformer: intellectual, socially aware, core need is for enlightenment
Struggler: lives day by day, core need is escapism, indulgence in alcohol, junk food, drugs, etc
Resigned: older people, consistent values, traditionalism, core need is for survival
Marketing strategies
Price: attracts a target audience and defines an identity
Promotional offers: free giveaways and discounts
Cross platform: advertising on TV, radio, magazines, social media
Subscriptions: the newspaper is delivered for a fee, often includes offers and exclusive content
Sponsorship: sponsoring events to encourage reader engagement and raise brand awareness
Partnership marketing: partnering with other organisations
News values
Negativity, Proximity, Recency, Simplicity, Uniqueness, Elite nations, Exclusivity
Currency: value of a story to people
Continuity: stories that continue for a long period
Personality: soft news/celebrities are prioritised
Expectedness: public expectations, reporting on diary events
Threshold: size and impact
Uses and gratifications theory
Diversion: a form of escapism from the stress of real life
Personal identity: supplying role models and ways for people to understand their place in society
Social relationships: sociability through discussing media with each other, a sense of familiarity
Surveillance: receiving information about events in the world
Creation of bias in newspapers
Through selection and omission
Through placement
By headline
By photos, captions and angles
Through use of names and titles and word choices
Persuasion techniques
Practical techniques: bribery, newness, longevity, ease of use, low prices, luxury.
Emotional techniques: hyperbole, repetition, comforting, fear, humour.
Associations: celebrity endorsement, expert opinions
The Leveson inquiry
Public, judge-led inquiry into the press set up by David Cameron in 2011, after the phone hacking scandal of news of the world.
Lord Justice Leveson put in recommendations for the press regulation:
They should be self regulated
There should be a new press standards body created with a new code of conduct
The body should be backed by legislation
The arrangement would provide the public with confidence in the handling of their complaints
He also stated that there was no evidence of police corruption and all parties gained too close a relationship with the press
IPSO
regulatory body, more power than the PCC, can order to print corrections on the front page
Doesn’t have government legislation behind it
Editors now have a code of practice and IPSO investigate breaches
It is a set of rules that balance the individual’s rights and the publics right to know, and it covers how to handle areas like accuracy, privacy, harassment, intrusion into grief, suicide, etc
