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Clinical Microbiology 1 > NFB > Flashcards

NFB Flashcards

1
Q

Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor?

This exacerbates nosocomial pneumonia due to its suppression of cilia and damage to oxygenated tissue

A

Pyocyanin

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2
Q

Non-motile NFB

A

Acinetobacter

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3
Q

NFB with lavender-green colour and ammonia odour

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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4
Q

The one feature shared by all NFBs

A

Inability to ferment sugars

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5
Q

NFB that is increasingly isolated in UTIs, endocarditis, meningitis, cellulitis, peritonitis (dialysis)

A

Acinetobacter spp.

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6
Q

Why is Hugh-Leifson O/F media better for displaying carbohydrate utilization by NFBs?

A

Increased carbohydrate to protein ratio (5:1 rather than 2:1)

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7
Q

Diffusible yellow-green and fluorescent pigment produced by the fluorescent pseudomonads

A

PYOVERDIN

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8
Q

How is indole extracted in the indole production test?

A

1 mL xylene + 15 drops Ehrlich’s solution

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9
Q

P. aeruginosa infection that would more likely be seen in an immunocompetent individual?

A

Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

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10
Q

Suspect B. cepacia if:

Glucose = ?
ONPG = ?
Lysine = ?
Oxidase = ?
A 
Glucose = non-fermenter (NEG)
ONPG = POS
Lysine = POS
Oxidase = weakly POS
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11
Q

This trauma often results in P. aeruginosa infections and subsequent extensive damage due to exotoxin A and other factors.

A

BURN

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12
Q

B. cepacia - growth on cetrimide?

A

NG;

But will grow in Povidone-iodine and other disinfectants

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13
Q

Grape odour

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

A special agar plate that can be used to detect pyoverdine using UV light

A

Pseudomonas F agar

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15
Q

Decarboxylase test for NFBs - why is base control purple (grey-purple, turbid)?

A

No fermentation step

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16
Q

3 initial clues from PRIMARY plates that may be indicative of NFB over Enterobacteriaceae

A
  1. Growth on BAP better than MAC
  2. Oxidase POS
  3. Pigmented
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17
Q

A 2-step enzymatic test requiring the organism to produce BOTH a dihydrolase AND a decarboxylase

The base will be greyish-purple turbid rather than yellow turbid if the isolate is an NFB

A

Moeller’s test for arginine

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18
Q

Causes dissolution of elastic lamina of blood vessels

A

Elastase

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19
Q

This NFB’s sources of infection include:

  • contaminated medications
  • disinfectants (povidone-iodine)
  • water
  • contaminated equipment
A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

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20
Q

Keratitis due to this organism is a medical emergency

A

P. aeruginosa

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21
Q

How does the Leifson flagellar stain work?

A

Alcoholic solution of a rosaniline dye

Alcohol evaporates, dye precipitates and coats the flagella

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22
Q

2 NFB that produce pyoverdine

A
  • P. aeruginosa

- P. fluorescens

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23
Q

Purpose of Hugh-Leifson media?

A

Determine mode of glucose utilization for NFBs

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24
Q

Strongly oxidase POS and grow well on MAC

A

Pseudomonas

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25
P. aeruginosa is notoriously resistant to many cephalosporins. However, this third-generation cephem is usually suitable.
CEFTAZIDIME
26
These polysaccharide polymers result in very mucoid, difficult to eradicat strains of P. aeruginosa.
ALGINATES
27
Most of the NFBs are "S" to this ABX; B. cepacia is "R". For this reason it can be incorporated into media selective for B. cepacia e.g. PCM and OFPBL.
POLYMYXIN
28
In this stain procedure, a rosaniline dye is prepared in alcohol. As the alcohol evaporates, the dye precipitates and coats the flagella, making them visible by light micorscopy.
LEIFSON
29
In the Entner-Douderoff pathway, weak acids and __ are generated.
WATER
30
To detect ______ in NFBs: - Use a richer source of tryptophan in the substrate - Extract the product with xylene - Test with Ehrlich's reagent
Indole
31
Slime-like pathogenic substance
Alginates
32
Overlapping phenotypic and genotypic characteristics has made both taxonomy and identification difficult
Burkholderia cepacia complex
33
2 NFBs that are oxidase NEG
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | - Acinetobacter spp.
34
P. aeruginosa infection that affects the general public
Otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
35
NFB that is associated with contaminated blood products and why?
Pseudomonas fluorescens Can grow at 4 degC
36
T/F: When performing the assimilation test in the API 20NE: it is better to underfill rather than overfill
False - overfill better
37
Mesophile that grows in 24-42 degC
P. aeruginosa
38
Species name of an Alcaligenes that was once called odorans because of its distinctive fruity odour. It is rarely implicated in infection and shows a strong alkaline reaction in O/F testing.
FAECALIS
39
In a TSI, the NFBs will give a result of K over ___ (K/_)
NC
40
"AUX media suspension is made to a #0.5 McFarland standard" is true for which API 20NE tests?
Saline suspension tests
41
S. maltophilia, Serratia, S. pyogenes, and some Proteus strains are positive in this test.
DNASE
42
P. fluorescens infections are usually ________ (e.g. contaminated solutions)
iaotrogenic
43
Commonly exhibits colonial variants (dwarf, sister or daughter colonies)
P. aeruginosa
44
Dirt odour
Burkholderia cepacia
45
Fruity (but not like grapes) odour
Alcaligenes
46
Class A ABX for P. aeruginosa infections - it is an extended-spectrum ureidopenicillin
PIPERACILLIN
47
Associated w/ severe post-lung transplantation infections
B. cepacia
48
Pyocycanin suppresses these structures in the respiratory tract.
CILIA
49
Rare opportunist, no known virulence factors, if isolated you should question its clinical significance
Pseudomonas fluorescens
50
In a smear, tends to retain crystal violet and may have coccoid shape
Acinetobacter
51
Another term for the common small colonial variants seen with P. aeruginosa; "sister" and "daughter" colonies are sometimes used as descriptors.
DWARF
52
Biochemical test for detecting NFBs where the peptone to carbohydrate ratio = 1:5
Hugh-Leifson oxidative/fermentative test (O/F)
53
Purpose of special oxidative/fermentative (O/F) media?
Detect weak acids of oxidative NFBs
54
SxT is the best antimicrobial for which two NFBs?
Burkholderia cepacia complex Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
55
The one NFB studied that is colistin: R
Burkholderia cepacia complex
56
NFB that is: - DNase POS - Strongly maltose O/F POS
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
57
"Not done routinely but can be useful for hard-to-ID isolates"
Flagellar stains
58
Most commonly and 2nd most commonly isolated NFB due to infections
1st: P. aeruginosa 2nd: Acinetobacter spp.
59
Infection associated with hot tub use and both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
FOLLICULITIS
60
1st and 2nd most common pathogen isolated from CF respiratory secretions
1. P. aeruginosa | 2. S. maltophilia
61
The most commonly isolated NH saccharolytic species of Acinetobacter.
BAUMANII
62
Siderophore associated with biofilm formation
Pyoverdine
63
Starting to emerge now as serious, multi-drug resistant pathogens (Iraqibacter)
Acinetobacter spp.
64
Acinetobacter intrinsic vs acquired resistance compared to other NFBs?
- LESS intrinsic resistance | - GREATER capacity to acquire resistance
65
How to rule out growth of P. fluorescens vs P. aeruginosa?
P. fluorescens cannot grow at 42 degC
66
Emerging main concern with respect to Acinetobacter infections?
Capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance
67
Another approach to describing Acinetobacter organisms?
"Saccharolytic" or "asaccharolytic"
68
P. aeruginosa is associated with this contact lens user infection of the cornea in situations of poor hygiene.
KERATITIS
69
Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor? Nebulizers and other hospital equipment as well as ophthalmic and pharmaceutical solutions may be implicated in infections b/c of this trait
Resists disinfectants
70
Capable of growing in the disinfectant cetrimide
P. aeruginosa
71
T/F: When performing the assimilation test in the API 20NE: an oil overlay is required
False - oxidative
72
What does cepacia syndrome refer to
B. cepacia colonization, infection, and rapid decline in patient health
73
Iron-containing media may stimulate production of a _______________ pigment in B. cepacia colonies (more likely seen on CHOC than BAP)
bright yellow (chartreuse)
74
Ammonia odour
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
75
4 Pseudomonas category A drugs
- Ceftazidime - Gentamicin - Tobramycin - Piperacillin
76
May appear mauve on MAC
Acinetobacter
77
If the colony colour is __________, differentiate P. fluorescens from P. aeruginosa by growth at 42 degC
yellow-green
78
Which P. aeruginosa pathogenicity factor? Involved in biofilm formation, this particularly prevalent in strains causing lower respiratory tract infections in CF patients
Alginate
79
Infection associated with hot tub use and both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
FOLLICULITIS
80
Based on atmospheric requirements, the non-fermentative bacilli (NFBs) are considered to be ____.
AEROBES
81
The most commonly isolated NH saccharolytic species of Acinetobacter.
BAUMANII
82
2 NFB that may be BH on BAP
- P. aeruginosa | - Acinetobacter hemolyticus
83
Usual ratio of peptone:carb (e.g. for testing Enterobacteriaceae) that cannot be used for testing NFB?
Peptone:carb = 2:1
84
Chartreuse pigment on iron-containing media
Burkholderia cepacia complex

Clinical Microbiology 1 (12 decks)

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