NFPA 1700 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System, 2018 edition
A
NFPA 12
2
Q
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 13
3
Q
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in one- and two- family dwellings and manufactured homes, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 13D
4
Q
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler systems in low-rise residential occupancies, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 13R
5
Q
Standard for the installation of standpipe and hose systems, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 14
6
Q
Flammable and combustible liquids code, 2018 edition.
A
NFPA 30
7
Q
National fire alarm and signaling code, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 72
8
Q
Standard for Training fire service rapid intervention crews, 2020 edition.
A
NFPA 1407
9
Q
Standard on fire department occupational safety, health, and wellness program, 2018 edition.
A
NFPA 1500
10
Q
Standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises, 2015 edition.
A
NFPA 1584
11
Q
Standard for pre-incident planning, 2020 edition.
A
NFPA 1620
12
Q
Standard on thermal imagers for the fire service, 2018 edition.
A
NFPA 1801
13
Q
Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting, 2020 edition.
A
NFPA 1851
14
Q
Standard for manufacturer’s design of fire department ground ladders, 2020 edition.
A
NFPA 1931
15
Q
Standard on fire hose, 2020 edition.
A
NFPA 1961
16
Q
Standard for spray nozzles and appliances, 2018 edition
A
NFPA 1964
17
Q
Standard on protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting, 2018 edition.
A
NFPA 1971
18
Q
Standard on emergency service work apparel, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 1975
19
Q
Standard on open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, 2019 edition.
A
NFPA 1981
20
Q
Standard on personal alert safety systems (PASS), 2018 edition.
A
NFPA 1982
21
Q
Standard on life safety rope and equipment for emergency services, 2017 edition.
A
NFPA 1983
22
Q
Someone’s or something’s surroundings, especially as they pertain to the local enviroment; for example ______ air and ______ temperature.
A
Ambient
23
Q
Fires in today’s fire environment, fueled predominately by synthetic materials, commonly become _______ _________.
A
Ventilation-limited
24
Q
_________ _________ ______ is one of the most common materials used in upholstered furniture.
A
Flexible polyurethane foam
25
The flashover times for the modern room averaged ____ _______ after ignition.
235 seconds
26
The average flashover times for the two legacy rooms was ____ ______ after ignition.
1912 seconds
27
It took __ ____ longer for the cotton sofa, compared to the sofa comprised of synthetic materials, to generate enough heat release rate to spread fire throughout the room.
8 times
28
When the door to the apartment corridor was open, temperatures in the corridor area near the open doorway, 5.0 ft below the ceiling, were in excess of _______ for each of the experiments. The heat fluxes measured in the same location, during the same experiments, were in excess of _______.
These conditions were attained within ___ _____ of the window failure.
1112*F
70 kW/m2
30 seconds
29
The study showed that wind speeds as low as __ _____ ___ _____ could create the _____________ ________ _________ ________, floor to ceiling within the structure's flow path.
9 miles per hour
unidirectional fire exhaust flows
30
The combustion reaction can be characterized by four components: the fuel, the oxidizing agent, the heat, and the uninhibited chemical chain reaction.
Fire Tetrahedron
31
The term _____ ______ is used to describe the amount of fuel present within a defined space, usually within a compartment.
fuel load
32
Heats of combustion typically range from ___ ____ to ____ ____ with hydrocarbon-based products having two to three times higher values than natural products.
10 MJ/kg to 45MJ/kg
33
Fire can occur in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, when fuels are mixed with ________ ________.
Chemical Oxidizers
Examples: Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer (NH4NO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (H2o2).
34
______ _______ _______ (______) is the rate at which fire releases energy.
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
35
______ _______ is the measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface, expressed in kilowatts per meter squared. (kW/m2)
Heat Flux
36
____-________ ___________ occurs when sufficient excess heat from the exothermic reaction radiates back to the fuel to produce vapors and cause ignition in the absence of the original ignition source.
Self-sustained combustion
37
_______ _______ occurs when fuel vapors mix with air in the absence of an ignition source and the fuel-air mixture is subsequently ignited.
Premixed burning.
i.e. Natural gas leak or gasoline spill evaporating. Then those finding an ignition source.
38
_________ ________ burning is the ordinary sustained burning mode in most fires. Fuel vapors and oxidizer are separate, and combustion occurs in the region where they come together.
Diffusion burning
39
On average, ___ ____ of heat is produced for every kg of oxygen consumed.
13.1 MJ
40
White smoke from a compartment may be unburned _______.
pyrolyzate
41
Even though considered a light hazard, a residential room could easily have __ ____ to ___ ____ of potential peak HRR, provided sufficient oxygen/ ventilation is available.
5 MW to 15 MW
42
Heats of combustion typically range from ___ ____ to ___ _____.
10 MJ/kg to 45 MJ/kg
43
A ___________ ______ is a fire that occurs within an area enclosed by a floor, walls, and a ceiling.
compartment fire
AKA: contents fire or room and contents fire
44
During the development of an ________ _____, the rate of flame spread and heat release rate (HRR) is greatly dependent on the configuration and characteristics of the fuels involved.
incipient fire
45
During the incipient stage of a fire fuel is warmed by _________.
radiation
46
During the growth stage of a fire, when the horizontal spread of smoke and gases is restricted, and the gases turn downward and begin the creation of a layer of hat gases below the ceiling fuel is heated primarily by __________.
Convection
47
The rate of ___ ________ to the fire is influenced by the rate of outflowing gases. If outflow increases, ____ _________will also increase. The height at which the flow changes direction is known as the ______ _____.
air entrainment x2
neutral plane
48
As the fire grows, the ceiling layer of gas temperature and the intensity of the ______ on the exposed combustible contents in the room increases. While both _______ ___ _______ ______ fluxes increase, _______ now becomes the dominant method of heat transfer.
radiation,
convective and radiant heat,
radiation
49
__________, which describes the condition where flames propagate through or across the ceiling layer only and do not involve the surfaces of target fuel, may be present.
Flameover
50
When the hot gas layer temperature reaches approximately _______, a heat flux from the hot gas layer of approximately _______ at the floor level is often present. This is sufficient to cause a rapid auto-ignition all of the combustible surfaces exposed to upper layer radiation. This phenomenon is known as _______.
1100*F
20 kW/m2
flashover
51
__________ is a rapid transition of a growth phase fire to a fully developed fire.
Flashover
52
Time to flashover from ignition was as little as ___ __ _____ ______.
3 to 5 minutes
53
In a fully developed fire the air flow into the compartment is not sufficient to burn all the combustibles being pyrolyzed by the fire, the fire will shift from ____-______ to ______-________ where the HRR is limited by the amount of oxygen available.
fuel-limited to ventilation-limited
54
As the fire compartment's oxygen concentration decreases below what is needed for combustion, the fire will go into _____ ______.
early decay
55
Flashover can occur within seconds after providing ventilation to ______-______ (decay) fires.
vent-limited
56
_____ ______ is the route followed by smoke, air, heat, or lame between the fire and the opening(s); typically, a window, door or other leakage points.
Flow path
57
______ portions of the flow path exist above the neutral plane and allow fire gases to exit the structure.
Exhaust
58
_______ portions of the flow path exist below the neutral plane and allow fresh air into the structure.
intake
59
A ___________ ____ can often be seen at an opening positioned at the same level as the fire. A neutral plane will be present with fire gases flowing out and air flowing in at the same opening.
bidirectional flow
60
Exhaust portions of the flow path have had gas speeds recorded up to _____ ____.
20mph
61
________ _____ is a condition where unidirectional or bidirectional flow of smoke/ air presents irregular stratification and shape or alternates in direction. (i.e. pulsations)
Dynamic Flow
62
_________ is the ability to contain a fire to an area to limit the growth and spread of fire and smoke to other areas of a structure.
Compartmentation
63
____ ____ ___ _____ systems are designed to provide early notification, prevent or limit fire growth, support intervention, and enhance occupant and fire fighter safety.
Fire alarm and suppression
64
The ____ ________ ______ is the principal attended or unattended room or area where the status of the detection, alarm communications, control systems, and other emergency systems id displayed and from which the system (s) can be manually controlled.
Fire command center
65
Common occupancies for Type I construction
High rise
Hospitals
Healthcare Facilities
Industrial Facilities
University Facilities
Newer commercial structures
Parking Garages
66
NFPA _____ specifies the minimum design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for structural firefighting protective ensembles and ensemble elements that include garments (coats, trousers, and coveralls), helmets, gloves, footwear, adn interface components (hoods).
1971
67
Refer to page 1700-43 for thermal testing requirements and test methods of firefighting gear.
68
Protective garment elements such as coat and trousers (That comprise of an outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier) should be tested for thermal insulation capabilities with the TPP test and should have an average TPP of not less than ___.
35
69
Helmet ear covers, hoods, and other interfaces should have an average TPP of not less than ___.
20
70
The Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) Test uses an exposure heat flux of ______ ____.
7.39 Btu/ft2
71
Heat fluxes due to direct flame contact have been measured in the range of _____ Btu/ft2 to _____ Btu/ft2.
5.28 - 14.96
72
All sewing thread used in protective garments and their accessories should be tested for resistance to melting and should not melt at or below _____.
500*F
73
___-______ ______ form the basis of the initial incident strategy and should be continually re-evaluated during an incident.
Pre-arrival factors
74
Materials such as pre-incident plans and maps should be developed per NFPA ____, providing information regarding the structure, its contents, and occupancy.
1620
75
Initial arrival factors that consideration needs to be given to
-witness statements
-Access concerns
-building height, size and stability
-Occupancy type
-construction type
-wind direction relative to building location and configuration
-fire location, size, and extent
-civilian and fire fighter life safety
-suspected direction of fire and smoke travel within the structure (flow path)
-Smoke and fire exposures
-presence and status of fire protection systems
-resource available
76
_____ ______ is the greatest consideration when determining the overall incident strategy.
Life safety
77
When the ________ _______ is selected, all control operations should occur in positions outside of the exclusion zone.
defensive strategy
78
The ____ should make the ________ known via verbal or radio communications through the chain of command so that all on-scene personnel are aware.
IC
strategy
79
The primary mission on the fireground is ____ ______; therefore, fire control, search, and ventilation / nonventilation become ______ _______ ________.
life safety
primary tactical objectives
80
On the fireground, ________ means that all of the crews operating on the fireground are working together.
Coordination
81
Conditions, staffing, and resources should drive fireground ______ and _____.
tactics and tasks
82
______ and _______ is, and always will be, of utmost importance to the fire service and to unprotected occupants.
Search and recue
83
Three things that impact the survivability of a given space in the structure.
The proximity of the fire,
The elevation in the space,
and whether or not the room/ volume is isolated from the fire.
84
A _______ _____ prioritizes the consideration to control or neutralize and dangers.
tactical plan
85
When multiple high-priority tasks must be accomplished sequentially, ____ ______ should be the first priority.
fire control
86
Rescue of trapped occupants is the first ________ ________ but not necessarily the first tactical priority.
strategic priority
87
The main objective is to control fire extension and limit fire growth to the building of origin.
Exposure Control
88
Alternative techniques for exposure control are?
Foam application to exposure
and Direct / indirect application to source fire.
89
Safety considerations for exposure control:
Collapse zones
Radiant heat
90
During this; The objective is to improve occupant tenability and interior conditions for fire control.
Transitional Attack
91
During this; The primary objective is to cool and control smoke temperature, flammability, and radiation to increase safety during interior progression to the seat of the fire until effective water is applied to the source of the fire.
Interior Advancement / Attack
92
The ____ _____ must be considered when the incident commander designates the hot zone at an operation.
smoke plume
93
____________ is an intervention to mitigate against the physical, physiological, and emotional stress of firefighting - in order to sustain a member's energy, improve performance, and decrease likelihood of on-scene injury or death.
Rehabilitation
94
Typical work rest ratios for Rehab.
(1) 10-minute self-rehab after working 30 minutes on SCBA or 20 minutes of intense work
(2) Formal Rehab for 20 min after 2 30-minute SCBA bottles or 1 45 or 60-minute bottle or 40 minutes of work without SCBA.
95
Recent studies have shown a significant reduction in typical fire fighters' physical capabilities while working through a second __-______ bottle or the second half of the first __-______ bottle.
30-minute
60-minute
96
Combustible linings will produce pyrolysis gases as they are heated to about _____ to ______ and this will contribute to fuel accumulating in the upper region of the fire room or compartment.
572*F to 752*F
97
Building fire resistance is based upon testing utilizing _____ _____, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Consgruction and Materials.
ASTM E119
98
_____ ______ is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other containers, resulting form air buoyancy.
Stack effect
99
Steel will elongate and deform when exposed to temperatures of ________.
1,000*F
100
Read page 71, different types of people and the adoption of new ideas.
101
The degree to which an innovation is seen as better than the idea, program, or product it replaces.
Relative Advantage
102
How consistent the innovation is with the values, experiences, and needs of the potential adopters.
Compatibility
103
How difficult the innovation is to understand and/ or use.
Complexity
104
The extent to which the innovation can be tested or experimented with before a commitment to adopt is made.
Triability
105
The extent to which the innovation provides tangible results.
Observability
106
The potential HRR is determined by multiplying the mass of fuel by the heat of combustion of the fuels.
107
The height at which the flow changes direction is known as the ______ _______.
Neutral Plane
108
As a fire develops within a compartment that is interconnected to the other spaces in the structure, fluid flows develop due to the pressure differentials created by the fire.
109
Flashover may occur multiple times in a structure as the fire progresses from one area to another, with each event having a potential to impact other compartments.
110
As the HRR of the fire is now directly proportional to the amount of air available to the fire, any further increase in ventilation will result in a further increase in the HRR.
111
Attics are often constructed with built-in passive ventilation that utilizes the buoyancy of warmer air to rise up and out of the attic while drawing fresh air in from the lower elevations.
112
113
