No-seeums --> Louse flies

Question 1

What are some common names for No-seeums and biting midges?

Answer 1

Sweet itch

Queensland itch

Summer itch

Question 2

What diseases are no-seeums and biting midges a biological vector for?

Answer 2

Blue tongue virus

African horse sickness virus

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Dz virus

Haemoproteus

Onchocerca cervicalis

Question 3

1. What geographical location would one find Sand flies in?
2. List four morphological features of sand flies

Answer 3

1. Widely distributed in the tropics, sub-tropics and around the Mediterranean
2. Small in size, dull colored, hairy flies, short mouthparts, long legs, large black eyes, wings held erect over thorax when at rest

Question 4

What do sand fly eggs require for successful hatching?

Answer 4

High humidity

Generally lay their eggs around roden burrows

Question 5

What dz are sand flies a biological vector for?

Answer 5

Leishmania sp.

Question 6

Suborder Brachycera. The Short horned flies

What two flies does this family contain?

Answer 6

Horse flies and deer flies

Genus Tabanus (Horse fly)

Genus Chrysops (Deer fly)

Question 7

List two general characteristics of horse and deer flies

Answer 7

Large body

Short mouthparts w/ scissor-like stylets

Question 8

What are horse flies and deer flies vectors for?

Answer 8

Mechanical vectors

• Equine infectious anemia
• Anaplasma

Biological vectors

• Trypanosoma theileri
• Loa Loa (filarial worm)

Question 9

Suborder Cyclorrapha (think of the average house fly)

What are the two possible modes of parasitism in this order?

Answer 9

Adults feeding on body fluids or blood

Larval stages feeding on flesh or parasitizing tissues (known as myiasis)

Question 10

What are the two larval types and common names which are produced by the suborder cyclorrapha species

Answer 10

Slender larva= maggots

Stout larva = bots or grubs

Question 11

Family Muscidae (Cyclorrapha) in this family there are two separate modes of parasitism. What are they?

Answer 11

Non-blood sucking muscoids (housefly, or face fly)

Blood sucking muscoid (stable fly, horn fly, Tse-Tse fly)

Question 12

Family Muscidae (non-bloodsucking muscoid)

Where do house flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

Answer 12

Moist or semi-liquid medium

Question 13

What is the unique feature of how houseflies feed?

Answer 13

Liquid feeders and will moisten their food by using a vomit drop

Question 14

What dzs are houseflies vectors for?

Answer 14

Mastitis, conjunctivitis, and anthrax

Biological vector for:

• Draschia megastome* (stomach worm of horses)
• Habronema muscae* (stomach worm of horses)

Question 15

Suborder Cyclorrapha: the face fly

Where do face flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

Answer 15

Requires fresh undisturbed cow manure where the egg and larva develop

Question 16

What do face flies feed off from?

Answer 16

Lacrimal, nasal, and salivary secretions

*They prefer birght sunshine and will not follow cattle into barns or other heavily shaded areas

Question 17

What dzs are face flies vectors for?

Answer 17

Biological vector for

Thelazia (eye worm)

Mechanical vector for

Moraxella bovis (pink eye or keratoconjunctivits in cattle)

Question 18

How does one go about controling face fly populations?

Answer 18

Topical organophosphates

Ear tags impregnated with insecticides

Proper management of manure and feed (reduce breeding grounds)

Question 19

Cyclorrapha: The stable fly

Where do stable flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

Answer 19

Lay eggs and larvae feed in moist, decaying vegetable debris including manure

Question 20

What are some unique characteristics of the stable fly and what is the scientific name?

Answer 20

Characteristics

• Found worldwide
• both sexes feed on blood
• after feeding they rest head up
• strong fliers

Scientific name

• Stomoxys calcitrans

Question 21

What are stable flies a biological vector for?

Answer 21

Mechanical vector

Trypanosomes (blood protozoa)

Biological vector

Habronema microstoma (stomach worm)

Question 22

Cyclorrapha: The horn fly

Where do stable flies lay their eggs and where are their larva developing?

Answer 22

Dependent upon fresh cow manure

Question 23

What are some unique characteristics of horn flies?

Answer 23

Weak fliers

Tend to stay associated with the animal

​Rest with their head down

Question 24

Horn flies are a vector for what?

Answer 24

Biological vector

Stephenofiliaria

(small, filarial parasite that causes a circumscribed dermatitis along the ventral midline of cattle)

Question 25

Cyclorrapha: Tse-Tse fly

1. Where are Tse-Tse flies found?
2. What are they biologcal vectors for?

Answer 25

1. Found only in Africa
2. Biological vector for: Trypanosoma sp. (blood protozoa)

Question 26

Family Hippoboscidae: “louse flies”

What is the species of primary concern in louse flies?

Answer 26

Melophagus ovinus “sheep ked”

Question 27

What are unique features of Melophagus ovinus?

Answer 27

Wingless louse

Hippoboscids retain their larva in their abdomen

Will glue chestnut brow pupal case on wool and adult fly will emerge

Entire life cycle is spent on the host

Question 28

What is a symptom and what are the clinical signs for a sheep with a Melophagus ovinus infection?

Answer 28

Vertical ridging of the skin “cockle”

inflammation associated with heavy infections –> pruritis, biting, and rubbing

Question 29

Melophagus ovinus is a vector for which dz?

Answer 29

Trypanosoma malophagium (blood protozoa)