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Non-aseptic Technique Flashcards

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1
Q

What are naso-gastric tubes?

A

Tube inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach

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2
Q

What are NG tubes used for?

A

Decompression or the removal of flatus and fluids from the stomach

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3
Q

What is an another use for NG tubes?

A

To provide nutrients to the stomach

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4
Q

What care should be taken by RTs when moving patients with NG tubes?

A

Be careful to not dislodge the tube

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5
Q

Who is responsible for the insertion of NG tubes?

A

Physicians and nurses but the radiographer must be able to assist and perform radiographs on them

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6
Q

What are inserted into NG tubes for radiographic procedures?

A

Barium or other contrast materials

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7
Q

What position is the patient in when an NG tube is inserted?

A

Fowler’s position

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8
Q

What are the types of NG tubes?

A
  • Levin tube
  • Salem sump tube
  • Cantor
  • Keofeed
  • Miller-Abbott
  • Sengstaken-Blakemore
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9
Q

What are the two most popular NG tubes?

A

Levin tube and Salem-Sump tubes

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10
Q

What are features of a Levin tube?

A
  • Single lumen type with black markings that indicate how far the tube has been inserted
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11
Q

What are features of the salem-sump tube?

A

Double lumen type

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12
Q

What are single lumen NG tubes best for?

A

Decompression

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13
Q

What are double lumen NG tubes best for?

A

Continuous lavage or irrigation of the stomach

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14
Q

What x-ray procedure is done to check the placement of an NG tube?

A

ABX using fluoroscopy or listening to the abdomen with a stethoscope

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15
Q

What are urinals?

A

A disposable or reusable device used for males to collect urination

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16
Q

What is the procedure for placing a urinal?

A
  • Secure the patient’s privacy
  • The radiographer should put on disposable gloves
  • Cover the patient with a sheet
  • If the patient needs assistance a male radiographer may assist the patient
  • Give the patient toilet paper or a washcloth after urinating
  • After completion of voiding, the urinal should be rinsed and re-sterilized
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17
Q

What should the radiographer wear when assisting patients with urinals?

A

Wear disposable gloves and should wash their hands before and after

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18
Q

What should be done if the patient’s urine output needs to be recorded?

A

Indicate the volume on the patient’s chart and return urine to the nursing staff

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19
Q

What should be done if recording of the output is not needed?

A

Contents of the urinal should be emptied into the toilet, flushed and urinal discarded

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20
Q

What are the bed pan uses by gender?

A

Males- defecation
Females - Defecation and urination

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21
Q

What are the two types of bedpans?

A

Standard and fracture

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22
Q

What are features of standard bedpans?

A

Has wide sides that the patient’s butt rests on

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23
Q

What are features of fracture bedpans?

A

The sides are very narrow so that the bedpan can more easily be slid under the patient

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24
Q

How is the bedpan placed?

A

Slide the bedpan under the patient by asking the patient to turn slightly on their side and roll the patient onto the pan

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25
What are cleansing enemas?
Used to promote defecation and to prepare the large intestine for the introduction of contrast media
26
What is a scout film?
An x-ray that is done before any contrast media are introduced into the body
27
What do scout films check for?
To see if the patient is prepared for the exam, to check for artifacts present and to check the radiographic technique to be used before contrast is introduced
28
What is a barium enema?
A radiographic study of the large intestine or lower GI tract where contrast media of BaSO4 is introduced through a catheter
29
When doing a barium enema what must a radiographer do?
- Obtain patient's consent - Explain the procedure - Assess allergic sensitivity to Latex or Barium
30
What is contrast media?
A substance introduced into the body that is radiopaque and is used to outline organs and structures within the body
31
What types of contrast agents should be used for upper and lower GI exams?
Positive and Negative contrast
32
What are positive contrast?
Barium or Gastrografin
33
What are negative contrasts?
Air
34
If the patient is suspected to have a perforation of the bowel what contrast should be used?
Gastrographin
35
What does a BE series include?
Fluoroscopy and several radiographs taken before, during and after the introduction of contrast material
36
What are the types of enemas?
- Tap water (hypotonic) - Hypertonic (fleet enema) - Saline (safest on infants) - Oil retention - Soapsuds solution
37
What are basic BE instructions given to patients before the exam?
- Low residue diet - Purgatation
38
What foods are included in a low residue diet?
No milk, meat, eggs, fruit or vegetables
39
What is purgatation?
When the patient is prescribed laxatives to promote emptying of the colon
40
What is over hydration when it comes to BE prep?
Patients are instructed to follow a clear liquid diet 24 hours prior to the exam
41
How are cleansing enema a part of BE prep?
As many as 3 cleansing enema should be done the morning of the exam
42
How is the barium solution prepared?
Contrast media is mixed with water that's 105 degrees
43
If cramping occurs while the BE is introduced what should be done?
Tell the patient to inhale and exhale slowly and deeply and to try to relax
44
How much fluid is the enema bag filled with?
30 mL but not all of it will be used
45
If using a foley catheter how much air should be inflated into the balloon?
30-90 mL
46
What position should be patient be placed in for enema tip insertion?
In the Sims position
47
What are the steps to insert the tip?
- Wear gloves - Lubricate the tip - place a drape over the patient to maintain privacy - have the patient slowly exhale while inserting the tip - move the tip should move anteriorly and superiorly up to 3-4 inches
48
When are balloon tips contraindicated?
In cases of rectal narrowing or hemorrhoids
49
What tips should be used in place of Foley?
Straight tubes
50
What is a post-evacuation film?
A radiograph taken after the patient has evacuated the barium or contrast media
51
How does barium or gastrographin look on an image?
The same, white
52
What is viscosity?
They physical property of liquids and how thick they are
53
What are double contrast barium enemas used for?
Detection of polyps, history of colorectal cancer or rectal bleeding
54
What two contrasts are used in double contrast BE's?
Solution barium and air/carbon dioxide
55
What is air used for in a double contrast BE?
To expand the colon
56
What are important patient concerns with a BE?
- keep the tip firmly in the rectum - relax abdominal muscles to reduce pressure - use deep breathing to prevent spasm and cramps - try to take the patient's attention away from the enema
57
How should a rectal catheter be removed that has an inflatable cuff?
Cuff must be deflated before its removed
58
What is a colostomy?
Formation of a stoma from the bowel to the outside of the body
59
When are permanent colostomies performed?
When a portion of the bowel is removed
60
When are temporary colostomies performed?
To heal or rest a portion of the bowel
61
How is barium introduced when a patient has a stoma?
Barium is introduced into the stoma using a soft flexible catheter connected to an enema bag
62
What type of catheter is used for stomas?
Foley catheter
63
What procedures should patient's take post BE?
Increase fluid intake and dietary fiber
64
What is a UGI?
Upper Gi series that includes visualizing the terminal esophagus, stomach and proximal small intestine
65
What does an Upper GI Series include?
Fluoroscopy and a series of radiographs taken before during and after the introduction of contrast material
66
What is an esophagram?
Imaging where only the esophagus is visualized
67
How are images taken for an esophagram?
Taken while the patient swallows the contrast mixture
68
What is a small bowel series?
When the small intestine is visualized
69
How is the barium and imaging done for a small bowel series?
Patient drinks two full GI cups of barium and radiographs are taken in intervals every 1/2 hour until barium reaches the ileocecal of the large intestine
70
What is a Gallbladder series?
Radiograph of the gallbladder
71
What is the patient prep for a GI series?
Iodinated contrast tablets are given to the patient the night before and on the day of a series of radiographs are taken
72
What is Intravenous pyelogram?
A radiographic procedure in which contrast material is injected into the vein a travels to the kidneys
73
How is the radiograph complete for an IVP?
Taken at certain time intervals showing the contrast in the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
74
What type of contrast is used for IVP?
Renographin which is a water-soluble iodine compound
75
What is post-voiding film?
A radiograph taken after the patient has urinated to demonstrate the contrast is gone
76
What is the sequence for contrast exams?
1. IVP 2. GB 3. BE 4. GI
77
What does the sequence of contrast exams depend on?
How quickly the contrast can be eliminated from the body
78
What are contrast exams that be performed together?
GB and IVP IVP and BE GB and GI
79
What is the patient prep for IVP?
- NPO after midnight - Cleansing enema at home the morning of the exam - Empty bladder before scout film
80
What is the patient prep for GB?
- Patient takes iodinated contrast table evening before exam - Fat free meal evening before exam - Water only the morning of the exam
81
What is the patient prep for BE?
- Cathartics (laxatives) prescribed by the MD - Low residue diet - Cleansing enema at home the morning of the exam
82

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