Non-Conscious

Question 1

James Vicary’s “Study” of Subliminal Persuasion

Answer 1

Flashed “Drink Coca-Cola” and “Hungry? Eat Popcorn” every 5 seconds for 3 milliseconds during a movie
- Claimed sales of popcorn increase 58% and Coke increased 18%
- Was a hoax

Question 2

Liminal

Answer 2

• the threshold of perception
  
  • Able to consciously perceive

Question 3

Subliminal

Answer 3

• beneath the threshold of perception
  
  • Unable to be consciously perceived

Question 4

Objective Threshold

Answer 4

• Amount of signal for the stimulus to be detected at all

Question 5

Subjective Threshold

Answer 5

• Amount of signal for the stimulus to be consciously detected

Question 6

Signal Detection Theory (SDT)

Answer 6

• Sensitivity for detecting a target

Question 7

Four Types Of Responses

Answer 7

• Hit - its there and you saw it
• Miss - its there and you missed it
• False alarm - it is not there, but you saw it
• Correct rejection - its not there and you didn’t see it

Question 8

Subliminal Seduction - Wilson Bryan Key (1973)

Answer 8

• Claimed to reveal subliminal sexual messages hidden in ads
• Believed subliminal sex increased attraction to products

Question 9

Power of top-down processing (False alarms)

Answer 9

• Can see things that aren’t there if you really want to find them

Question 10

Backward masking would…

Answer 10

Have no effect because the brain would not be able to process it - zero impact

Question 11

In fact, there’s lots of evidence that…

Answer 11

our thoughts and behaviors can be influenced by things beyond our awareness

Question 12

Priming is when ….

Answer 12

an idea is mentally “pre-activated”

Question 13

Priming occurs in the….

Answer 13

preconscious (the information could be available to the conscious mind if attention was directed to it)

Question 14

Ideas may be primed because of the strong links to other ideas

Answer 14

• The word “nurse” primes the idea of “doctor” - By thinking about nurses, you are prepared to think about doctors

Question 15

Priming can________ OR ______ processing

Answer 15

Speed up (congruent pair) / Slow down (incongruent pair)

Question 16

Facilitative Priming Effect

Answer 16

Faster processing of info congruent with the prime

Question 17

Negative Priming Effect

Answer 17

Slower processing of info that is incongruent with the prime

Question 18

Lexical Decision Tasks

Answer 18

Words recognized faster when primed to a related word (compared to being primed with an unrelated word)

Question 19

Types of Priming

Answer 19

Evaluative, Semantic, and Mood Priming

Question 20

Evaluative priming

Answer 20

• Use primes to measure valence of attitudes (good/bad)
• If you like something, easier to pair with “good” things
• If you dislike something, easier to pair with “bad” things

Question 21

Semantic Priming

Answer 21

• Use of priming to measure content of stereotypes
• Faster to respond to congruent pairs vs. incongruent pairs
• Stereotypical associations act like congruent word pairs
• Is it easier to link “African-American” with “Athletic” than “Patriotic”
• “Women” with “Mother” easier than “Doctor”

Question 22

Mood Priming

Answer 22

Priming that influences moods and evaluations
- Physical feedback
- Pull towards vs. Pushing away from
- Like someone more when pulling towards self

Question 23

The Ideomotor Principle

Answer 23

Thinking about a behavior makes that behavior likely to occur

Question 24

Action Priming

Answer 24

Use of primes to influence or alter behavior

Question 25

Prime needs to be at....

Answer 25

objective threshold to be successful

Question 26

Primes need to be,,,

Answer 26

relevant and applicable to the situation

Question 27

"Lipton ice" vs. nonsense words flashed subliminally during a computer task

Answer 27

STUDY 1 - Thirsty subjects more likely to choose Lipton over water - But, difference only for thirsty people STUDY 2 Only people who liked Lipton tea and who were thirty were influenced by the prime

Question 28

One can be primed to walk slowly, be quiet, want to clean, be more kind or patient, buy more expensive goods

Answer 28

One can not be primed to completely change morals or make decisions that aren't their own

Question 29

Marcel Results

Answer 29

Conscious mind can only process one meaning at a time Non-conscious mind can process multiple things at a time

Question 30

Marcel Study (Subliminal vs. Conscious Processing)

Answer 30

- Prime a word that has multiple meanings - "PALM" could be a part of a hand or a tree Test and see the differences between liminal vs Subliminal primes