Sleeping and Dreaming

Question 1

Predation Avoidance

Answer 1

Desire to sleep reduced when threats are percieved (hotel room, unfamiliar environment)

Question 2

Memory Consolidation

Answer 2

Hippocampus uploads recent experienced to the cortex creating new synaptic connections

Question 3

Brain self-cleaning

Answer 3

During sleep, space in the brain expand, allowing more fluids in, brain “flushes out” waste products that build up over time

Question 4

Metabolic Repair

Answer 4

Deep sleep allows the body to repair itself

Question 5

Restorative Theory of Sleep

Answer 5

Sleep allows the body to maintain and repair itself

Question 6

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

Answer 6

Sleep evolved as a way to avoid nocturnal predators

Question 7

Why do we sleep unconsciously?

Answer 7

May be necessary for consolidating memories (Software update reset)

Question 8

Unihemispheric Sleep

Answer 8

Allows birds to continue to fly and be conscious while getting rest

Question 9

All things with a brain…

Answer 9

SLEEP

Question 10

Circadian Rhythm is set by…

Answer 10

amounts of light experiences throughout the day

Question 11

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 11

Daily pattern of sleep - alertness levels vary throughout day,

Question 12

Sleep stages

Answer 12

STAGES 0-4 and REM

Question 13

Awake and alert

Answer 13

Beta waves

Question 14

Awake but drowsy

Answer 14

Alpha Waves

Question 15

Stage 1 (Light Sleep)

Answer 15

Mix of theta waves and alpha waves - only lasts a few minutes (dreams are disconnected thoughts)

Question 16

Stage 2

Answer 16

more theta waves w/ sleep spindles and k-complexes
Muscle tension in the body is being relaxed

Question 17

Stage 3 (Slow Wave Sleep)

Answer 17

delta waves - Metabolic activity drops, slow heart rate and breathing

Question 18

Stage 4

Answer 18

slowest delta waves, “knocked out” deep sleep has more restorative functions.

Question 19

REM (Rapid Eyemovement)

Answer 19

mix of beta, alpha, and theta waves - high brain activity - similar to wakefulness

Question 20

Myoclonic Jerk

Answer 20

Sudden motor movement in response to the feeling of falling (when falling asleep)

Question 21

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 21

Hallucinations while you are in the process of falling asleep (I have heard music)

Question 22

Hypnopompic hallucinations

Answer 22

Hallucinations right before opening your eyes

Question 23

Insomnia

Answer 23

May enter early stages are sleep but have difficulty getting extended slow wave sleep - May also have difficult time returning to sleep after REM

Question 24

Sleep apnea

Answer 24

During slow wave sleep, breathing stops forcing sleeper to briefly wake up interrupting slow wave sleep

Question 25

Non-REM dreams are mostly...

Answer 25

mundane

Question 26

Dreams typically occur during...

Answer 26

REM sleep

Question 27

Threat simulation theory proposes that dreams...

Answer 27

serve an evolutionary function - dreams are a way to stimulate survival threats

Question 28

An issue with threat simulation theory is that...

Answer 28

you'd expect most dreams to be negative, but most dreams are mundane and not negative

Question 29

Freud's dream interpretations

Answer 29

dreams gave insight into the unconscious mind - interpretations were about primitive urges and sexual thoughts

Question 30

Cognitive Approach

Answer 30

Dreams are modified versions of the same thoughts we have when awake - But no “control” over our thoughts since we are unconscious

Question 31

Problem-focused approach of dream interpretation

Answer 31

Dreams express current concerns - not symoblic messages

Question 32

Activation–Synthesis theory

Answer 32

dreams are caused by random patterns of brain activity

Question 33

Retro-selective theory

Answer 33

¡ Dreams are not continuous experiences ¡ While asleep, many “dreams” occurring simultaneously ¡ While unconscious, brain simultaneously processes many things at once

Question 34

Restorative Theory of Sleep

Answer 34

Sleep allows the body to maintain and repair itself (does not explain why sleep has to be unconscious)