Non Fermentative Gram Neg Bacilli

Question 1

Aerobic gram-negative bacilli can be further divided into two large groups

Answer 1

Fermenters and non-fermenters

Question 2

are ubiquitous and are found in most environments, typically on soil, water, on plants, and decaying
vegetation, and in many food stocks.

Answer 2

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli

Question 3

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli prefer _ environments

Answer 3

Moist environment

Question 4

Non-fermenters can even withstand treatment with

Answer 4

chlorhexidine and your quaternary ammonium ‘ compounds

Question 5

some group members even oxidize carbohydrates to derive energy for their metabolism, and are referred to as ____

Answer 5

oxidizers.

Question 6

When we say oxidizer, in your TSIA, they will present as

Answer 6

K/K (an alkaline slant over an alkaline butt)

Question 7

assacharholytic

Answer 7

non oxidizers

Question 8

non-fermenters has a lack of ability to grow on selective gram-negative media such a

Answer 8

MacConkey agar.

Question 9

general characteristics of non fermenters

Answer 9

• aerobic
• non-spore forming
• straight, slightly curved slender
• gram negative bacilli

Question 10

almost all non fermenters are motile except

Answer 10

Burkholderia mallei

Question 11

are both oxidase positive

Answer 11

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

Question 12

are both oxidase positive

Answer 12

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

Question 13

gram-negative bacillus or coccobacillus that are strictly aerobic in metabolism.

Answer 13

Pseudomonads

Question 14

Pseudomonads are motile with ___ or ___ of flagella

Answer 14

polar flagellum or polar tuff

Question 15

pseudomonas are also oxidase positive except for

Answer 15

P. luteolos and P. oryzihabitans.

Question 16

pseudomonas are also catalase positive, and usually grows on

Answer 16

MacConkey agar

Question 17

is the most commonly isolated species of the genus pseudomonas in clinical specimens. It is found in moist environments, like pools, hot tubs, catheters, humidifiers in hospitals.

Answer 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces __ which kills host cells by inhibiting protein synthesis.

Answer 18

exotoxin A

Question 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exoenzymes ___ that disrupt the cytoskeleton organization.

Answer 19

Exoenzymes S and T

Question 20

___, a polysaccharide polymer that inhibits phagocytosis contributing to the infectious potential in your cystic fibrosis patients. This substance also protects the bacteria from dehydration and antibiotic activity.

Answer 20

alginate

Question 21

is the blue phenazine pigment that contributes to the characteristic green color of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that damages cells by producing reactive oxygen species,

Answer 21

Pyocyanin

Question 22

contains several genes involved in quorum sensing

Answer 22

P. aeruginosa

Question 23

this is a mechanism for detecting bacterial products in the immediate environment.

Answer 23

quorum sensing

Question 24

A _____, related to the overproduction of alginate and the mucoid phenotype isolated from cystic fibrosis patients is associated with serious infections.

Answer 24

biofilm production

Question 25

pseudomonas is the leading cause of

Answer 25

nosocomial respiratory tract infections

Question 26

which is when the blood cells of the subcutaneous develops this necrotic rash or papules that happens during bacteremia.

Answer 26

bacteremia with ecthyma gangrenosum

Question 27

this is particular in swimmers or divers, is a necrotizing rash referred to as jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome

Answer 27

Otitis externa

Question 28

Patients with diabetes may suffer a severe infection on the external ear canal which is also what we call as ____ which could even progress to involve the underlying tissue of the bones of the skull.

Answer 28

malignant otitis externa

Question 29

Aside from that, P. aeruginosa is also a common cause of _____, especially in hospitalized patients.

Answer 29

ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 30

isolates of P. aeruginosa are ____ on sheep blood agar,

Answer 30

beta hemolytic

Question 31

has flat spreading colonies with the characteristics metallic sheen.

Answer 31

P. aeruginosa

Question 32

This metallic sheen of P. aeruginosa may be due to your ___ is yellow-green or yellow-brown pigment

Answer 32

pyoverdin pigment,

Question 33

pseudomonas strains roduce a _____ odor, caused by the presence of 2-aminoacetophenone.

Answer 33

fruity, grape-like odor

Question 34

Aside from pyoverdin, there is also another pigment that is produced by the P. aeruginosa which is ____ which is more common and is a blue-green pigment that is also water soluble and is capable of fluorescence.

Answer 34

pyocyanin

Question 35

characteristics of p aeuruginosa

Answer 35

- denitrification of nitrates and nitrites - also arginine dehydrolase (ADH) positive - citrate positive - utilizes acetamide

Question 36

p. aeruginosa is able to grow at

Answer 36

42C

Question 37

is the selective and differential medium for identification of p aeruginosa

Answer 37

cetrimide agar

Question 38

Both of these are of very low virulence, rarely causing clinical disease. They have been isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine, cosmetics, hospital equipment, and fluids.

Answer 38

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA

Question 39

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA can grow at ___ but not at 42C

Answer 39

4C

Question 40

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA produce acid from ____, both does not produce ___

Answer 40

produce acid from xylose, not produce pigment

Question 41

to distinguish PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA, perform a

Answer 41

gelatin hydrolysis

Question 42

gelatin hydrolysis positive

Answer 42

p fluorescens

Question 43

gelatin hydrolysis negative.

Answer 43

P. putida

Question 44

distinct specie, which can be identified or separated from other Pseudomonas, due to its leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light-yellow or brown pigment.

Answer 44

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI.

Question 45

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI. is also arginine dihydrolase ___ and starch hydrolysis ___.

Answer 45

arginine dihydrolase negative and starch hydrolysis positive.

Question 46

These are rare isolates but produces serious infection in humans especially co-infection with each other or with other bacteria.

Answer 46

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS.

Question 47

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS. can be differentiated by

Answer 47

ONPG and esculin hydrolysis test.

Question 48

are the glucose -oxidizing nonhemolytic strain

Answer 48

Acinetobacter Baumanni

Question 49

is the glucose-negative, nonhemolytic strain.

Answer 49

Acinetobacter iwoffii

Question 50

A. baumannii can also produce an __

Answer 50

eye infection

Question 51

cause contamination or colonization rather than infection

Answer 51

A. iwoffii

Question 52

can resist decolorization and retains the crystal violet stain leading to misidentification

Answer 52

Acinetobacter organisms

Question 53

Acinetobacter organisms can appear as gram-positive cocci in smears made from blood culture bottles, if that happens

Answer 53

oxidase test

Question 54

Acinetobacter organisms produces _ colonies on MacConkey

Answer 54

purplish colonies

Question 55

Remember that A. baumanni is ____ and on the other hand, the A. iwoffii is ___

Answer 55

A. baumanni is saccharolytic, . iwoffii is asaccharolytic

Question 56

These very common in the hospital environment, and also in debilitated patients and those who are immunocompromised.

Answer 56

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

Question 57

among the Pseudomonas, this is the only one that is susceptible to Trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole (SXT).

Answer 57

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

Question 58

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA produces __ colonies on MacConkey agar.

Answer 58

bluish colonies

Question 59

frontrunner among burkholderia spp wherein it causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also infections resulting from the use of contaminated water.

Answer 59

B. cepacia

Question 60

There are certain selective media can be used for the isolation of B. cepacia, such as

Answer 60

- Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) - OF base - polymyxin B - bacitracin - lactose (OFBL) agar

Question 61

Burkholderia cepacia may lose viability on SBA (sheep blood agar) in ___ without transfer.

Answer 61

3 to 4 days

Question 62

B cepacia produce a ___ or ___ pigment. sigment. The colonies are not wrinkled, and at rate that may be used to differentiate isolates from Pseudomonas stutzeri, which also produces same pigment.

Answer 62

non-fluorescing yellow or green pigment.

Question 63

Burkholderia mallei is the bacteria that is the agent behind the condition named _____, that affects horse, mules, and donkeys, making it a respiratory tract zoonotic infection.

Answer 63

Glanders

Question 64

When it comes to antimicrobial susceptibility, performing an AST for B. mallei, it is recommended to perform a ___

Answer 64

broth microdilution, using a brucella broth

Question 65

broth microdilution for b mallei is incubated at ____ and ambient air for ___

Answer 65

35C, 16 to 20 hours.

Question 66

is the agent of melioidosis

Answer 66

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 67

an aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease cause by ingestion, inhalation, or inoculation of the organisms with metastatic abscess formation in lungs and other viscera.

Answer 67

melioidosis

Question 68

colonies on ashdown medium

Answer 68

deep pink, earthy odor

Question 69

selective medium used for B. Pseudomallei

Answer 69

Ashdown medium supplemented with colistin

Question 70

selective medium used for ______ resembles B. cepacia complex, so you have to distinguish between the two. It is also found in patients with CF and CGD.

Answer 70

Burkholderia gladioli

Question 71

Burkholdevia gladioli produces a _ after 48 to72 hours of incubation

Answer 71

Yellow pigment

Question 72

Are more susceptible to antimicrobials than B. cepacia.

Answer 72

B. gladioli