non-fluency feactures

Question 1

False starts

Answer 1

when an utterance is abandoned for another structure.

E.g. ‘my mum won’t 9.0 well we want…’

Question 2

Fillers

Answer 2

Used to give the reader thinking time

E.g. ‘umm..’ ‘er..’

Question 3

Hesitations

Answer 3

Sounds which aren’t words to fill pauses.

E.g. ‘er’ ‘erm’ ‘em’

Question 4

Non-fluent pausing

Answer 4

Where no punctuation would occur in writing
E.g. ‘it’s Southhall’s er (.) goal kick

AND

where punctuation would normally occur in writing
E.g. ‘there is a free kick against Anderson Everton don’t like that’

Question 5

Pause fillers

Answer 5

Filling a silence with extra words, to prevent hearer from thinking speaker has finished and to help start an utterance.

E.g. ‘well’ ‘like’ ‘sort of’

Question 6

Recycling

Answer 6

Similar to repetition but has a hitch where the initial sound of a word is repeated

E.g. ‘th. the hairs’

Question 7

Repetition

Answer 7

Repetition of identical words and structures next to each other

E.g. ‘her pillow is (.) her pillow’

Question 8

Self-correction or repairs

Answer 8

When a speaker makes a mistake and corrects it

E.g. ‘you’ve got to get the stirrups and (.) I mean the girth’

Question 9

Vague completers

Answer 9

Words used to round of an utterance

E.g. ‘and all that’ ‘and everything’