Non-Food Zoonoses - Companion Flashcards
Define zoonosis
Dsieases transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and humans
Define carrier status
Pathogens isolated from animal/human without causing clinical sings of disease in the host
Define reservoir
spread of a n orgnaism within the reservoir host to maintain the pathogen indefintiely
Define colonised host
No clinical signs on host but microbes can multiply on the host (longitudinal sampling required to prive this)
Give examples of zoonoses in companion animal practice
- rabies
- salmonellosis
- brucellosis
- multi resistant bacteria (MRSA, TB)
- worms
- pasterellosis
- toxaplasmosis
- leptospriosis
- psittacosis
- fleas
- cheyletiellosis
- sarcoptic mange (fox mange)
- dernatophytosis (rinworm)
Which drugs are clinically relevant multi-drug resistant pathogens in human medicine?
E - enterococcus feacium S - S aureus and s intermedius K - Klebsiella pnumonia A - Actintoobacter baumannii (+ other spp) P - Psudomonas aeruginosa E - Enterbacter spp
Which two forms of methicillin-resistant staphlococci exist? Which specific drugs are they resistnet to?
> MRSA (s. aureus)
- human hospital, community and livestock associated
- broad B-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistnance
- reverse zoonotic transmission (spill over into pet population)
MRSP (pseudintermedius)
- dog adapted
- vet nosocomial pathogen
- highly drug resistant
What are the implications of MRSA in smallies practice ?
- most infections can be treated successfully
- better adapted to humans so ^ risk of human spread
Give 2 examples of exotic pet linked disease
- Salmonella in reptiles (3-5% of all salmonellosis in USA)
- Fish tank granuloma mycobacterium marium
Give 3 responsibilities of the vet
- early suspicion and correct diagnosis (lab tests)
- Client communication
- prevention of spread
How long can different bacteria survive on dry surfaces?
- G+ = months
- G- = months
- Pseudomonas aeroguinosa 1 month
- Spor forming = months
- Staph > 12 months
What is the protocol for isolation?
Traffic-light system
- red: must be isolated unless unstable
- amber: barrier nurse, await virology/microbiology
- green: no isolation needed
What are the risk factors for multi-drug resistence?
- age
- disease and severity of illness
- inter-institutional transfer
- prolonged hosptialisation
- GI sx or transplant
- invasive devices eg. central venous catheters
- antimicrobial
Give examples of non zoonotic parasites
- human head louse
- guinae pig louse
