Non-Lung Cancer Thoracic Surgery Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is a lung abscess?
it is a collection of pus composed of neutrophils and bacteria and tissue fluid.
name some common causes of lung abscesses
> aspiration > pneumonia > PTE > Lung cancer > Septic emboli
what occurs during empyema nescessatans?
the empyema discharges through the skin
what is empyema thoracis?
this is pus in the pleural space
what can an empyema follow?
> pneumonia
operation
trauma
osteomyelitis: rupture of the oesophagus caused by vomiting on a spasming sphincter so it enters the pleural space
how is an empyema dealt managed?
chest drain is inserted allowing the lung to re-expand.
what is pleurectamy?
the visceral plauera is removed by peeling, this will heal though is less effective in older people.
what is decortation?
the layer of thickened pleura (visceral/parietal) is removed
name some thymic tumours
> thyoma > thumolipoma > thymic carcinoma > carcinoid tumours of the thymus > lymphoma
why do thymic tumour need to be removed as soon as possible?
they have malignant potentials and can invade locally
name some benign lung tumours
> Hamartoma > Fibroma > Lipoma > Neural Tumours > Papillomas > Chondroma > carcinoid
why should benign tumours be removed?
they can take over the lung tissue and cause death
when would a primary pneumothorax be operated on?
if it happens more than once or if they have a certain job such as a pilot
what sixe would an abnormal problematic bulla be?
over 2 cm
what happens if the hole in a open pneumothorax is bigger than 2cm?
air will enter from here as it is bigger than the trachea. an air tight seal must be made or death will follow
what is a spontaneous heamopneumothorax?
when the lungs heal adhesion between the pleural layers can cause tears which may lead to bleeding
how is a spontaneous pneumothorax treated?
with a chest drain
what is bullous lung disease?
this is an area of air which can grow and compress the lung
when do bronchogenic cysts develop?
at birth
when do bronchogenic cysts cause symptoms?
when they press on the trachea or oesophagus
when may a lung transplant be needed?
> cystic fibrosis
pulmonary fibrosis
emphysema
