Non-Medical, Drug Tox Flashcards
Nalmefene (Revex)
C: Opiod antagonist M: -- T: -- SE: May produce a prolonged withdrawal state (nausea, vomiting, piloerection, yawning) MISC: --
N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
C: Antioxidant M: Supplies sulfhydryl groups to glutathione; improves microcirculation, provides anti-inflammatory effect T: Acetaminophen overdose SE: -- MISC: --
Fomepizole (Antizol)
C: -- M: Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase T: Methanol & ethylene glycol poisoning SE: -- MISC: Very expensive
Cocaine
C: CNS stimulant
M: Blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
T: Topical anesthetic, combined vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic
SE: Sympathetic effects; paranoia, aggression
MISC: Rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase; crack is the free base form
LSD
C: Schedule I Hallucinogen
M: Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist
T: Schedule I hallucinogen; model hallucinogen against which all others compared; limited studies in psychoanalysis, alcoholism, autistic children, and terminal cancer patients
SE: Bad trips (anxiety attack, panic attack), flashbacks, “street drug” lifestyle; no overdoses, birth defects, or chronic psychoses linked to LSD
MISC: Oxidized in liver; cross tolerance with mescaline and psilocybin
Mescaline
C: Schedule I Hallucinogen
M: Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist
T: –
SE: –
MISC: Cross tolerance with LSD and psilocybin
Psilocybin
C: Schedule I Hallucinogen
M: Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist
T: –
SE: –
MISC: Cross tolerance with mescaline and LSD
Phencyclidine (PCP)
C: Dissociative anesthetic
M: Antagonist of ion channel associated with NDMA receptor; agonist at mu opioid receptors
T: –
SE: Violence, coma, Seizures, arrest** Dissociation, confusion, ataxia, marked nystagmus
MISC: Long half-life due to being highly lipid soluble and having active metabolites
Amphetamines (Benzadrine)
C: –
M: Indirect sympathomimetic (release biologic amines from nerve terminals in periphery and in CNS); dopamine most important
T: Narcolepsy, ADHD
SE: Vasospasm leading to possible stroke or MI, arrhythmia, weight loss (anorectic effect)** Tremor, anxiety, irritability, confusion, possibly paranoid state
MISC: Others: dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Marijuana (THC)
C: Cannabinoid
M: Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)
T: Schedule I hallucinogen; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients; analgesic for neuropathic pain; potentially: glaucoma, asthma, anxiolytic, migraine, and multiple sclerosis treatment
SE: Vasodilation –> tachycardia, dilation of conjunctival vessels, bronchodilation, decreased intraocular pressure, hunger** May impair reproductive function in adolescents; heavy use may impair development of very young users; possible respiratory damage due to tar
MISC: Active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; metabolized by P450, with chronic use inducing enzyme; highly lipid soluble
Anandamide
C: Endogenous cannabinoid M: Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors) T: Endogenous cannabinoid SE: -- MISC:--
Dronabinol (Marinol)
C: Synthetic THC
M: Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)
T: Schedule III drug; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients
SE: –
MISC: –
Nabilone (Cesamet)
C: Synthetic THC
M: Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)
T: Schedule II drug; treatment-resistant nausea and vomiting, weight loss and anorexia in AIDS patients
SE: –
MISC: Less psychoactive side effects than marijuana
