Non Nursing Theories

Question 1

Systems Theory

first conceptualized by Austrian biologist

Answer 1

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

Question 2

organized wholes comprised of component parts that interact in a distinct way over time

Answer 2

systems

Question 3

all sytems are composed of

Answer 3

subsystems or parts that are in dynamic interaction

Question 4

Systems respond to or interact with the environment in varying degrees. Therefore

Answer 4

systems vary in their capacity to be relatively “closed” or “open” in nature.

Question 5

change theory

* universally recognized as the founder of modern social psychology

Answer 5

kurt lewin

Question 6

the three stage model

Answer 6

unfreezing-change-refreeze model

Question 7

step 1: becoming motivated to

change

Answer 7

unfreezing

Question 8

step 2: change what needs to be

changed

Answer 8

(unfrozen and moving to a new state)

Question 9

step 3: making the change

permanent

Answer 9

refreezing

Question 10

Freud’s Psychosexual Development

*Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis

Answer 10

Sigmund Freud

Question 11

Sexual energy=

Answer 11

libido, the driving force of human behavior

Question 12

*describes any sensual pleasure

Answer 12

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 13

*From birth to 1 year old

Answer 13

oral phase

Question 14

*1 – 3 years old (Toddlerhood)

Answer 14

anal phase

Question 15

*acquisition of voluntary sphincter control (toilet training)

Answer 15

anal phase

Question 16

3-5 or 6 years old (preschooler)

•

Answer 16

phallic phase

Question 17

gender identity develops
–superego is internalized
–“Oedipal/Electra complex”

Answer 17

phallic phase

Question 18

•5 or 6 y/o to puberty (School age)

Answer 18

latency (latent) phase

Question 19

•Puberty - adulthood

•

Answer 19

Genital Phase

Question 20

pioneered the use of theory, using experimentation to test hypothesis

Answer 20

kurt lewin

Question 21

●theorized a three-stage model

Answer 21

kurt lewin

Question 22

A child’s sexual gratification becomes focused on a particular body part.

Answer 22

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 23

A person may remain stalled or “fixated” at a particular stage or regress to an earlier stage.

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Answer 23

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 24

•Major site of enjoyment & tension : mouth, lips and tongue, includes biting and sucking activities

Answer 24

oral phase

Question 25

•Major site of enjoyment & tension : | mouth, lips and tongue, includes biting and sucking activities

Answer 25

oral phase

Question 26

main focus : anal region | - elimination takes on new importance

Answer 26

anal phase

Question 27

Children find pleasure in both the retention of feces and defecation

Answer 27

anal phase

Question 28

Focus: punishment and cleanliness •

Answer 28

anal phase

Question 29

RESIDUALS: perfectionist, meticulous, organized,

Answer 29

anal phase

Question 30

Children’s libido (energy) appears to be diverted into concrete thinking such as school activities.

Answer 30

latent (latency) phase

Question 31

``` socialization outside the home starts •“chum period” – bestfriend •Homosexual stage of development ```

Answer 31

latent (latency) phase

Question 32

also known as Oedipal stage | •

Answer 32

phallic phase

Question 33

children’s pleasure zone appears to shift from the anal to the genital area •

Answer 33

phallic phase

Question 34

Exhibitionism and masturbation are common. •Boys experience “castration fear”, girls experience "penis envy.”

Answer 34

phallic phase

Question 35

RESIDUALS: exhibitionist, | pedophile, voyeurism

Answer 35

phallic phase

Question 36

main events: –establishing new sexual aims –finding of new love objects •

Answer 36

genital stage

Question 37

Heterosexual stage of | development

Answer 37

genital stage

Question 38

•becomes independent and plans for the future; involves the capacity for true intimacy

Answer 38

genital stage