NON-VASCULAR PLANTS

Question 1

group of plants that do not produce flowers

Answer 1

non-flowering plants

Question 2

3 non-flowering plants

Answer 2

mosses
ferns
gymnosperms

Question 3

flowering plants

Answer 3

angiosperms

Question 4

bryophyte is dervied from a greek word “__” means _____ and “___” means ____

Answer 4

“bryon”
mosses (water)
“phyca”
plant

Question 5

• Oldest land plants on earth and have been around for 400 million years or more
• Do not have a true vascular tissues for support and transport of water and nutrients.
• They lack leaves – however, they have leaf-like scales that contain chloroplasts in which photosynthesis occurs.
• They lack true roots.
• Lack vascular tissues
• No lignified tissues
• Usually small and ground-hugging. Most measure between 2 to 4 inches
• Lack of true stems
• Amphibians of plant kingdom, need water for fertilization
• They anchor themselves in the soil by root-like structures called rhizoids.

Answer 5

bryophytes

Question 6

_____are relatively simple, sometimes multicellular filaments of thin-walled cell that extend from the photosynthetic tissue into the soil.

Answer 6

rhizoids

Question 7

habitat of bryophytes

Answer 7

moist places
humd environment

Question 8

bryophytes have ____ and ____ species

Answer 8

9,000
24,000

Question 9

mode of nutrition of bryophytes (2)

Answer 9

autotrophic
heterotrophic

Question 10

Plant body is ___ (not differentiated into root, stem, and leaf) e.g. Marchantia, Anthoceros

Answer 10

thallus

Question 11

3 parts of sporophytes

Answer 11

foot
seta
capsule

Question 12

3 classes of bryophytes

Answer 12

1. C. Musci (Mosses)
2. C. Hepaticae (Liverworts)
3. C. Anthocerotae (Hornworts)

Question 13

class of bryophytes
- The body of the moss is usually leaf-like
- Most prefer damp, shaded locations in the temperate zone

Answer 13

C. Musci (Mosses)

Question 14

class of bryophytes
- The name liverwort arose because the lobes of the thallus resemble the lobes of the liver
- Many have a flattened body called thallus, but some have a leafy appearance

Answer 14

C. Hepaticae (Liverworts)

Question 15

class of bryophytes
- The sporophytes of hornworts look like small green broom handles. Its shape is unique among bryophytes
- Unlike bryophytes and higher plants, most species of hornworts have cells that contain only a single chloroplast.

Answer 15

C. Anthocerotae (Hornworts)

Question 16

the sporophytes of hornworts look like ______

Answer 16

small green broom handles

Question 17

most species of hornworts have cells that contain _____

Answer 17

only a single chloroplast

Question 18

non-vascular plant groups
* Used in spore dispersal – peristome
* Gametophyte form – leafy shoot that produces sex organs when it matures
* Characteristic of seta – composed of parenchyma cells, steroids, and a well-developed strand
* Others:
- Have thread-like rhizoids
- Have small, leafy arrangements (radial or spiral symmetry)
- Have a transportation system for gas exchange and transfer of other products and water.

Answer 18

mosses

Question 19

in mosses, ___ is used in spore dispersal

Answer 19

peristome

Question 20

gametophyte form in mosses

Answer 20

leafy shoot that produces sex organs when it matures

Question 21

mosses characteristics of seta

Answer 21

composed of parenchyma cells, steroids, and a well-developed strand

Question 22

non-vascular plant group
* Used in spore dispersal – elaters
* Gametophyte form – thalloid (flattish green sheet called thallus) and leafy (leaves on stems)
* Characteristic of seta – parenchymatous
* Others:
- Grow closer to the ground, with huge, flat, rubbery leaves that hug the surface
- Have spirally arranged leaves
- Have no transportation system

Answer 22

liverworts

Question 23

in liverworts, ___ is used in spore dispersal

Answer 23

elaters

Question 24

in liverworts, the gametophyte form is ___

Answer 24

thalloid and leafy

Question 25

in liverworts, the characteristic of seta is ___

Answer 25

parenchymatous

Question 26

non-vascular plant group
* Used in spore dispersal – pseudoelaters
* Gametophyte form – thallus
* Lacks seta
* Others:
- Have irregular forms
- Gametophyte stages are often blue-green in hue
- Produce slime in between the cells

Answer 26

hornworts

Question 27

in hornworts, ___ is used in spore dispersal

Answer 27

pesudoelaters

Question 28

the gametophyte formed in hornworts

Answer 28

thallus

Question 29

is seta present/absent in hornworts

Answer 29

absent

Question 30

characteristics of ferns

Answer 30

• Roots, feathery leaves & underground stems
• Have vascular tissues (transport & support)
• Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)
• Damp and shady places

Question 31

During the early evolution of land plants, three major monophyletic lineages diverged before the vascular plants. These lineages may collectively be called the ____ or “_____”

Answer 31

non-vascular land plants
bryophytes

Question 32

Bryophytes are ____, _____ that have become adapted to a _____.

Answer 32

small
autotrophic organisms
terrestrial existence

Question 33

bryophytes characteristic:
1. They are ____, have _____, (root-like structures), and may have ___ and ____ parts (mosses).

Answer 33

green
rhizoids
stem-like
leaf-like parts

Question 34

bryophytes characteristic:
2. They lack ___ for ___ and _____ and are consequently restricted to ____ habitats.

Answer 34

true vascular tissue
water
food distribution
moist

Question 35

bryophytes characteristic
3. The plant body (___) may be dorsoventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical (____) or erect radially symmetrical (____).

Answer 35

thallus
liverworts
mosses

Question 36

bryophyte characteristic
4. Like the algae, they require ____ for fertilization, but their reproductive organs, unlike algae, are ___ - the ____ (female) and the ____ (male).

Answer 36

water
multicellular
archegonium
antheridium

Question 37

bryophyte characteristic
5. They have pronounced _____, in which ____ is the more conspicuous and self-sustaining plant. The _____ is small, often ephemeral, and dependent on the ____ for its food and water.

Answer 37

alternation of generation cycle
gametophyte
sporphyte
gametophyte

Question 38

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses differ from vascular plants in lacking _____ and in having the _____ as the dominant, ____, ____, and ___.

Answer 38

true vascular tissue
gametophyte
photosynthetic
persistent
free-living phase of the life cycle