Normal Flora😇🙏

Question 1

2 Types of Normal Microbiota

Answer 1

Resident microbiota
Transient microbiota

Question 2

NOTE: Suppression of the normal microbiota clearly creates a partial void that tends to be filled by organisms from the environment or from other parts of the body

Answer 2

🥼

Question 3

Number and variety of microorganisms present on the skin depend on many factors

Answer 3

• Anatomical position
• Amount of moisture present
  *pH
• Temperature
• Salinity
• Presence of chemical wastes such as urea
  and fatty acids
• Presence of other microbes, which may be
  producing toxic substances

Question 4

Skin pH

Answer 4

slightly acidic pH (4.0-6.0). due to organic acids produced by staphylococci and secretions from skin sebaceous and sweat glands. The acidic pH discourages colonization of many bacteria.

Question 5

Sweat of some parts of the skin contain a high concentration of salt. This makes the skin surface__________(hyperosmotic or hyposomotic) which stresses most microorganisms.

Answer 5

hyperosmotic (cell shrinks)

Question 6

________ from sweat glands on the skin are bacterial inhibitory substances. They help control of colonization, overgrowth and infection from resident microorganisms.

Answer 6

Lysozyme

Question 7

The number of superficial microorganisms may be diminished by daily scrubbing with soap containing_________ or other disinfectants, but the microbiota is rapidly replenished again.

Answer 7

hexachlorophene

Question 8

Is the upper respiratory tract sterile or not?

(nasal passages and the throat (pharynx)

Answer 8

Non-sterile

Question 9

Is the lower respiratory tract sterile or not?

(larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.)

Answer 9

Sterile

DUE TO:
1. The continuous stream of mucus generated by ciliated epithelial cells
2. Phagocytic action of alveolar macrophage
3. Lysozyme in mucus that has bactericidal effect

Question 10

harbors pathogenic microorganisms but do not have the disease associated with them (diphtheria, meningitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough)

These carriers are unaffected but can transmit them to susceptible persons.

Answer 10

Healthy carriers

Question 11

Middle ear and inner ear – sterile or not

Answer 11

sterile

Question 12

Outer ear and auditory canal – (sterile or not)

Answer 12

Non-sterile. same microbes on skin

Question 13

Cough, sneeze, blows the nose – these microbes may be carried along the ______ into the middle ear where they can cause infection

Answer 13

eustachian tube

Question 14

The anatomy of the ______ affords shelter for numerous anaerobic and aerobic bacteria

Answer 14

oral cavity

Question 15

Those that cannot attach are removed by the mechanical flushing from the oral cavity to the stomach where they are destroyed by _________

Answer 15

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 16

When teeth erupt

Answer 16

Rothia spp.

Question 17

dental plaque, cavity

Answer 17

Streptococcus mutans

Question 18

Gastric enzymes with pH ________of stomach
- prevent growth of indigenous microbiota, and most transient microbes

Answer 18

pH (1.5)

Question 19

prevent growth of indigenous microbiota, and most transient microbes in the stomach

Answer 19

Gastric enzymes

Question 20

lives in some people’s stomachs and is a common cause of ulcer

Answer 20

Gram-negative bacillus Helicobacter pylori

Question 21

leads to a great increase in microbial flora of the stomach, including many organisms usually prevalent in feces

Answer 21

• Administration of antacids
• H2-receptor antagonist
• Proton pump inhibitors for peptic ulcer disease * Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 22

part of GIT – few microbes will grow because the bile inhibits their growth

Answer 22

Duodenum

• Many grow in lower intestine (jejunum and ileum)

Question 23

resident bacteria displace and inhibit potential pathogens indirectly by

Answer 23

bacteriocins and lactic acid.

Question 24

Metabolic functions
* contribute to the ______requirement of the host if they are not provided in diet

Answer 24

amino acid

Question 25

bacterias in the GIT synthesize

Answer 25

vitamin K, biotin, and folate * enhance ion absorption assist fermentation of nondigestible dietary residue * influence fat deposition in the host leading to obesity

Question 26

Persistent recurring UTIs often develop when there is __________of the urethra, which allows the invasive organisms to multiply

Answer 26

obstruction or narrowing

Question 27

frequent cause of urethral infection and are easily introduced into urethra by sexual intercourse

Answer 27

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae Mycoplasmas

Question 28

pH * During puberty and after menopause

Answer 28

alkaline secretions supporting growth of various microbes

Question 28

pH Childbearing years

Answer 28

– acidic secretions (pH 4.0-5.0), encouraging growth mainly of lactobacilli