Small Pleo Gram (-ve) Rods 🈵

Question 1

3 genus of small pleo gram (-) rods related to the Respiratory system

Answer 1

HLB

Haemophilus spp.
Legionella spp.
Bordetella spp.

Question 2

side note:

Haemophilus spp.
✅ Non – motile
✅No toxins

Answer 2

🦠

Question 2

Haemophilus spp. are fastidious therefore they need these 2 essential growth requirements on CAP?

Answer 2

(V-factor) NAD – from yeast extract or Staphylococcus aureus

(X-factor) Hematin – from blood

Question 3

(4) Haemophilus spp.

Answer 3

H. influenzae
H. ducreyi
H. aegypticus
H. vaginalis

Question 4

Haemophilus spp. aka?

Answer 4

Pfeiffer’s Bacillus

Question 5

how many types of capsules Haemophilus spp. have?

and what is the most virulent type?

Answer 5

Capsule – 6 types
type B – most virulent

Question 6

Haemophilus spp. type B – most virulent capsule is made of?

Answer 6

polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP)

Question 7

Haemophilus spp. exhibits “Satellite phenomenon”

Answer 7

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 8

Sexually transmitted and causes Clinical Presentation
Chancroid/Soft chancre

Answer 8

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 8

Gram stain – small pleomorphic gram negative bacilli in clusters - “school of fish”

Answer 8

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 9

for culture: requires Fresh Clotted Rabbit Blood - preferred

20 – 30% Defibrinated Rabbit Blood agar
Sheep or Horse Blood

Answer 9

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 10

aka Kock-Week’s Bacillus

Answer 10

Haemophilus aegyptius

Question 11

small pleomorphic gram negative rods:

🔬🧑‍⚕️Clinical Presentation
- Pink eye conjunctivitis
- Resembles H. influenzae biotype III

Answer 11

Haemophilus aegyptius

AKA: Kock-Week’s Bacillus

• because it takes a week to recover under antibiotic therapy

Question 12

Formerly Haemophilus vaginalis

Answer 12

Gardnerella vaginalis

(Gardnerella vaginalis/Haemophilus vaginalis)

-same ra

Question 13

bahog bilat fishy odor with discharge syndrome causative agent???

Answer 13

Gardnerella vaginalis/Haemophilus vaginalis

Question 14

“clue cells” - epithelial cells with tiny bacilli covered is indicative of?

Answer 14

Gardnerella vaginalis or bacterial vaginosis

Question 15

POSITIVE ON

✅Human Blood Tween Agar at 48 hours in 5 – 10% CO2 – Beta hemolysis

✅Whiff Test or Sniff Tests – vaginal discharge + 10% KOH
Positive test – Fishy- amine like odor

Answer 15

G. vaginalis/ H. vaginalis

Question 16

stain used for Gardnerella vaginalis clue cells?

Answer 16

Papanicolaou’s stain

Question 17

all Haemophilus spp. need V-factor (NADH nicotinamide) except

Answer 17

H. ducreyi
-only needs X-factor

Question 18

(2) Haemophilus spp. that does not require X-factor (Hematin) but requires V-factor

Answer 18

✅H. parainfluenzae
✅H. parahaemolyticus

Question 19

causes Pittsburg pneumonia

Answer 19

Legionella micdadei

Question 20

causes Legionnaire’s Pneumonia
Pontiac Fever

Answer 20

Legionella pneumophila

Question 21

causative agent?

-gram stain: stains faintly
-intracellular organism
-Immunofluoresacence
-Dieterle Silver Stain

Answer 21

Legionella pneumophila

Question 22

requires Dieterle Silver Stain

Answer 22

Legionella pneumophila

Question 23

side note: Legionella pneumophila - Does not grow on ordinary media - Requires high concentration of Iron and Cysteine

Answer 23

REMEMBER Requires high concentration of Iron and Cysteine!!! - Legionella pneumophila again: high Iron and Cysteine concentration - Legionella pneumophila

Question 24

grows on ✅(BCYE) Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar ✅CAP ✅ 🟤Feeley-Gorman Medium🟤 (BROWN pigment)🤎

Answer 24

Legionella pneumophila

Question 25

4 phases of whooping cough?

Answer 25

✅Incubation Period 7-10 days ✅Catarrhal Period 7-10 days ✅Paroxysmal phase 2-4 weeks ✅Convalescent stage 3-4 weeks (or longer)

Question 26

causative agent: - Gram – negative coccobacilli - Direct examination of smears stained with fourescein conjugated monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies – slow grower; should be held for 7 to 12 days - requires CALCIUM AGINATE TIPPED APPLICATOR

Answer 26

Bordetella pertussis

Question 27

specimen culture for Bordetella pertussis should be collected at what phase?

Answer 27

Paroxysmal phase 2-4 weeks -Whoop (burst of non-productive coughs)

Question 28

side note: Bordetella pertussis in lab diagnosis is usually associated with Lymphocytosis

Answer 28

🦠

Question 29

B. pertussis phase when the px is highly contagious and antibiotics most effective?

Answer 29

Catarrhal phase

Question 30

B. pertussis phase when 2-10 weeks ✅Whoop (burst of non-productive coughs) ✅Increased number of lymphocytes in blood smear

Answer 30

Paroxysmal phase

Question 31

B. pertussis phase when there is a development of secondary complications (pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)

Answer 31

Convalescent stage

Question 32

Growth on: ✅Regan – Lowe >charcoal, blood, and antibiotic ✅Bordet – Gengou: >Composed of: Potato 20 – 30 % blood Glycerol

Answer 32

Bordetella pertussis

Question 33

may give the appearance of “drop of mercury” on Regan – Lowe agar

Answer 33

Bordetella pertussis

Question 34

📒Side note: 🦠B. parapertussis 🦠B. bronchiseptica Culture media: ✅MacConkey Agar (MAC) ✅Sheep Blood agar (SBA)

Answer 34

✅

Question 35

The only motile Bordetella spp.? also positive for catalase, urease and oxidase

Answer 35

B. bronchiseptica

Question 36

3 Gram – Negative Zoonotic Rods

Answer 36

✅Brucella spp ✅Pasteurella spp ✅Francisella spp. ✅Yersinia

Question 37

Brucella spp. is a facultative intracellular parasite. Give two (2) facultative intracellular parasite bacteria under the small gram neg pleomorphic rods

Answer 37

(HBL) 🦠Haemophilus influenzae 🦠Legionella pneumophila (Brucella spp. and Haemophilus ilnfluenzae are facultative intracellular parasite)

Question 38

capsulated and shows Tropism to erythritol

Answer 38

Brucella spp.

Question 39

1. aka Bang’s Disease? 2. what bacteria genus?

Answer 39

1. Brucellosis 2. Brucella spp.

Question 40

shows: ✅ “Undulant fever” ✅ Non – specific signs and symptoms ✅ Organomegaly – splenomegaly, ✅Hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy ✅Induces abortion in animals

Answer 40

Brucella spp.

Question 41

Rod to coccoid – shaped, arranged singly or in pairs –“appearance of a sand”

Answer 41

Brucella spp.

Question 42

the only Thionine sensitive and requires 5 % CO2 for growth Brucella spp?

Answer 42

B. abortus (abortion on cows)

Question 43

Minimum titer of ____in a standard tube agglutination test for Brucella spp.

Answer 43

1:160 titer ✅Recent brucellosis – 4 fold or greater during the the first two months of illness

Question 44

Found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract of fowl and mammals

Answer 44

Pasteurella spp.

Question 45

Aerobic, motile, and nutritionally fastidious pleomorphic poorly gram-negative rods; visualized with ______

Answer 45

silver stain

Question 46

What bacteria? Aerobic, motile, and nutritionally fastidious pleomorphic poorly gram-negative rods; visualized with silver stain

Answer 46

Legionella pneumophila

Question 47

Pasteurella spp. most important human pathogen. -Found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract of fowl and mammals

Answer 47

Pasteurella multocida Transmission: - From dog or cat bites

Question 47

what bacteria: Laboratory diagnosis: - gram – negative short rod with BIPOLAR STAINING (safety pin) -Px got bit by a cat/dog -Musty or mousy odor on BAP

Answer 47

Pasteurella multocida

Question 48

what bacteria: ✅Cottontail rabbit – primary reservoir ✅both wild and domesticated animals - birds ✅arthropods Transmission: 1. Tick bites 2. Inhalation 3. Ingestion 4. Direct contact with infected animals

Answer 48

Francisella tularensis

Question 48

what bacteria: 🧑‍⚕️Clinical manifestations: ✅Tularemia (tularensis) *wink* ✅Pneumonic Tularemia ✅Oculoglandular – conjunctivitis (with papule on the lower lid) ✅Typhoidal - Gastrointestinal ✅Ulceroglandular – at the site of inoculation (swollen lymph nodes)

Answer 48

Francisella tularensis ✅small pleomorphic gram – negative rods with faint bipolar staining

Question 49

what bacteria: ✅cotton tail rabbit natural reservoir ✅slow grower (usually within 2 – 4 days) ✅Glucose – cyteine agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated rabbit blood ✅Chocolate Agar with IsolVitalX ✅Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BYCE) Note that Legionella pneumophila also grows on BCY

Answer 49

Francisella tularensis