Normal Gait Flashcards
1
Q
defined as the manner in which you move from place to place with your feet
A
Walking
2
Q
Gait is the process or components
A
walking
3
Q
To analyze gait, you must determine ?
A
which motions occur at which joints
4
Q
also called stride, it is the activity that occurs between the time one foot touches the floor and the time the same foot touches the floor again
A
Gait cycle
5
Q
the distance traveled during the gait cycle
A
Stride length
6
Q
one half of a stride
A
Step
7
Q
the distance between heel strike of one foot and heel strike of the other foot. (Should be equal between each foot)
A
Step length
8
Q
walking speed or the number of steps taken per minute
A
Cadence
9
Q
A Slow is considered around_____steps per minute
A
70
10
Q
Fast is considered around _____ steps per minute
- Race and mall walkers walk considerably faster
A
130
11
Q
fyi
Regardless of speed, the gait cycle is the same, that is all parts occur in their proper place at the proper time
A
fyi
12
Q
There are ONLY two phases of gait: what are they?
A
Swing and Stance phase
13
Q
- the activity that occurs when the foot is in contact with the ground
- Begins with heel strike of one foot and ends when that foot leaves the ground
- Accounts for 60% of the gait cycle
A
Stance phase
14
Q
- occurs when the foot is not in contact with the ground
- Begins when the foot leaves the floor and ends when the heel of the same foot touches the floor
- Accounts for 40% of the gait cycle
A
Swing phase
15
Q
Three tasks need to be accomplished during the gait cycle
A
- Weight acceptance
- Single leg support
- Leg advancement
16
Q
- Occurs at the very beginning of stance phase when the foot touches the ground and the body weight begins to be shifted onto that leg
- Initial contact (Rancho Los Amigos terminology)
A
Weight Acceptance
17
Q
Occurs next as the body weight shifts completely onto the stance leg so that the opposite leg can swing forward
A
Single Leg Support
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Preswing
18
Q
Occurs during swing phase
A
Leg Advancement
- Initial swing
- Midswing
- Terminal swing
19
Q
Each gait cycle has two periods of _______ support and two periods of ________ support
A
- double
- single
20
Q
When both feet are in contact with the ground, this is a period of ?
- When one leg is beginning stance phase and the other one is ending stance phase (there are two of these periods)
A
double support
21
Q
Each period of double support will take up about ___%of the gait cycle (_____%all together)
A
10%
20%
22
Q
If you increase your walking speed, you spend less time or more time in double support?
A
less time
23
Q
- Occurs when neither foot is on the ground
- this period is the biggest difference between these two activities
A
Nonsupport Period
24
Q
- Occurs when only one foot is in contact with the ground
- Two periods of this support occurs in a gait cycle
A
Single Support
25
Two periods of single support occur in a gait cycle?
* Once when the R foot is on the ground and once when the L foot is on the ground (the opposite foot will be in swing phase)
* Each single support phase takes up about 40% of the gait cycle
26
Traditional vs. Ranchos Los Amigos
should be interchangable
**traditional **
1. Heel strike
2. Foot flat
3. Midstance
4. Heel – Off
5. Toe – Off
6. Acceleration
7. Midswing
8. Deceleration
**Ranchos Los Amigos**
1. Initial contact
2. Loading response
3. Midstance
4. Terminal stance
5. Preswing
6. Initial swing
7. Midswing
8. Terminal Swing
27
1. Traditional = describes ?
2. Rancho = describes?
Most have a beginning point and an end point (Table 22-1)
1. points in time
2. periods of time
28
Stance Phase: Traditional
**Heel strike** – heel contacts the ground
**Foot flat** – Plantar surface of the foot in contact with the ground
Compare to RLA
RLA
Loading Response –
* **Beginning** – just after IC when the body weight is being transferred onto the leg and entire foot makes contact with the ground
* **Ending** – opposite foot leaves the ground
29
Stance Phase
Traditional
**Midstance** – point at which the body passes over the weight bearing leg
**Heel Off** – heel leaves the ground while the ball of the foot and toes remain in contact with the ground
Compare to RLA
Stance Phase
RLA
**Midstance** –
Beginning – opposite foot leaves the ground
Ending – body is directly over the weight bearing limb
**Terminal Stance** –
Beginning – as the heel of the weight bearing leg rises
Ending – IC of the opposite foot and the body has moved in front of the weight bearing leg
30
Stance Phase
Traditional
**Toe Off** – Toes leave the ground, ending stance phase
compare to RLA
Stance Phase
RLA
Preswing –
**Beginning** – initial contact and weight shifted onto the opposite leg
**Ending** – just before the toes of weight bearing leg leave the ground
31
Swing Phase
Traditional
**Acceleration** – the swing leg begins to move forward
compare to RLA
RLA
## Footnote
* *_Initial Swing –_**
* *Beginning** – the toes leave the ground
* *Ending** – the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot and the knee is in maximum flexion
32
Swing Phase
Traditional
**Midswing** – the swing (non weight bearing) leg is directly under the body
compare to RLA
RLA
## Footnote
**_Midswing –_
Beginning**– the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot
**Ending** – the swing leg has moved in front of the body and the tibia is in a vertical position
33
Swing Phase
Traditional
**Deceleration** – The leg is slowing down in preparation for heel strike
compare to RLA
RLA
## Footnote
**_Terminal Swing –_
Beginning**– the tibia is in a vertical position
**Ending** – just prior to initial contact
34
Initial Contact / Heel Strike
* Stance phase begins
* Task of weight acceptance begins
* Double leg support begins
* Body at lowest point in gait cycle
* Head and trunk upright
* Ankle neutral
* Knee extended
* Hip flexed 25 degrees
* Leg in front of the body
* Pelvis is rotated forward, ipsilateral side
* Ipsilateral arm is back, contralateral arm is forward
35
Loading Response / Foot Flat
* Weight shift onto stance leg continues
* Double leg support ends
* Ankle plantarflexes (eccentric contraction of dorsiflexors) putting foot on the ground to 15 degrees
* Knee partially flexed absorbing shock at 20 degrees
* Hip moving into extension
* Body catching up with the leg
* Ipsilateral arm swinging forward
36
Midstance / Midstance
* Body at highest point in the cycle
* Single leg support begins
* Ankle slightly dorsiflexed
* Knee and hip continue extending
* Body passes over right foot
* Pelvis in neutral position
* Both arms are parallel with the body
37
Terminal Stance / Heel - Off
* Body moves ahead of foot
* Single leg support ends
* Ankle slightly dorsiflexed, then begins plantarflexion
* Knee extending then beginning slight flexion
* Hip hyperextending
* Body ahead of stance leg
* Pelvis is rotating back – ipsilateral side
* Ipsilateral arm swinging forward
38
Preswing / Toe - Off
* Task of leg advancement begins
* Double leg support begins and ends
* Ankle is plantarflexed 10 degrees
* Knee and hip are flexing
* Lateral pelvic tilt on right side
* Ipsilateral arm forward
39
Initial swing / Acceleration
* Swing phase begins (non weight bearing)
* Single leg support begins on contralateral side
* Ankle begins to dorsiflex
* Knee and hip continue flexing
* Leg is behind body but moving forward
* Pelvis beginning to rotate forward
* Ipsilateral arm swinging backwards
40
Midswing / Midswing
* Leg shortens to clear the floor
* Single leg support on contralateral side continues
* Ankle dorsiflexed
* Knee at maximum flexion of 65 degrees and begins to extend
* Hip at maximum flexion of 25 degrees
* Leg passing under and moving in front of body
* Pelvis in neutral position
* Arms parallel with body and moving in opposite directions
41
Terminal Swing / Deceleration
* Leg advancement task ends
* Single support ends
* Ankle continuing in dorsiflexion
* Knee extended
* Hip flexed
* Leg ahead of the body
* Pelvis rotated forward – ipsilateral side
* Ipsilateral arm back, contralateral arm forward
42
A Physical Therapist Assistant is treating a patient with a 15 degree knee flexion contracture. Which of the following would the Physical Therapist Assistant NOT expect to see during gait training?
* Excessive dorsiflexion
* Shortened step length of the unaffected side
* Shortened step length of the affected side
* Early heel rise during pushoff
