Normal Growth and Development

Question 1

bone development

Answer 1

longitudinal growth from physis by enchondral ossification and then circumferential from periosteum by apposition growth

Question 2

what is the growth plate affected by?

Answer 2

diet
vitamins A and D
injury
illness
hormones e.g. GH

Question 3

risks in overtreatment

Answer 3

fear of doctors
feelings of stigmatism
psychological distress

Question 4

when is genu varum normal?

Answer 4

under 2 years of age

persistence can run in families (reassurance)

Question 5

when is genu varum abnormal

Answer 5

unilateral
severe >2SD
painful

Question 6

pathologies of genu varum

Answer 6

skeletal dysplasia
Ricket's
tumours (enchondroma)
Blount's disease
trauma (physeal injury)

Question 7

describe Blount’s disease

Answer 7

growth arrest of medial tibial physis

beak protrusion on XR

Question 8

when is genu valgum normal?

Answer 8

3 1/2 years - 10 years

Question 9

when should genu valgum be referred

Answer 9

pain
severe
beyond 11 years as most resolve at 10

Question 10

pathologies of genu valgum include

Answer 10

tumours (enchondromas, osteochondromas)
rickets
neurofibromatosis

Question 11

which gender is growing pains more common in?

Answer 11

females