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Dentistry and Oral Surgery > Normal Radiographic Anatomy > Flashcards

Normal Radiographic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the tissue involved in anchorage of the
tooth to the bone of the jaw?

A
  • Gingiva
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Alveolar Bone
  • Cementum
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2
Q

What creates the
distinct lamina dura on radiographs?

A

The radiographic shadow of the Cribriform
plate (bone lining the alveolus)

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3
Q

What varies significantly
with the angle of the incident x ray beam?

A

The shape and size of teeth

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4
Q

When x-raying 3 rooted teeth what can help to distinguish roots?

A

With three rooted teeth, change the angle of incident beam to separate and distinguish different roots and
associated pathology

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5
Q

The age of a patient can be estimated by?

A

The size of the root canals: ongoing
deposition of dentin by odontoblasts,
creates progressively narrower root
canals as an animal ages.

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6
Q

What is often superimposed on especially the
third and fourth maxillary premolar?

A

The zygomatic arch.

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7
Q

How long is the infraorbital canal in the cat?

A

The infraorbital canal is very short in cats (2-3
mm)

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8
Q

The infraorbital foramen in cats is very close to what?

A

The orbital margin (and the orbit) Dorsal the
maxillary third premolar

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9
Q

The infraorbital foramen in dogs is where?

A

The infraorbital foramen in dogs is dorsal to distal aspect of the third premolar

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10
Q

Discuss how the palatal shelf appears on radiographs?

A
  • The angle within the nasal cavity between the body of the
    maxilla and it’s perpendicular palatal process created is
    prominent radiographic landmark.
  • The position of this radiopaque line on radiographs is closely
    associate with the mid portion of the ipselateral maxillary
    canine tooth.
  • This relationship with the canine on radiographs, does not
    change much with the position of the incident x-ray beam
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11
Q

What are the palatine fissures?

A

The palatine fissures are slit like openings in the bone of the palate,
on both sides of the palatal midline.

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12
Q

What is the function of the palatine fissures?

A

Allows communication of the neurovascular supply between the
oral and nasal cavities.

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13
Q

Where do the mandibular canals run and how are they viewed on radiographs?

A

The mandibular canals run parallel to the ventral margin of the mandibles, and occupies the ventral third of the mandibles. They are clearly
visible on radiographs.

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14
Q

Do dogs and cats have maxillary sinuses?

A

Dogs and cats do not have true maxillary sinuses but open recesses in the caudo-lateral aspects of the nasal cavities.

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15
Q

How do the nasal turbinates attach to the nasal cavity?

A

The nasal turbinates are attached via the chonchal crests to the to the lateral walls the nasal cavity.

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16
Q

How do the conchal crests appear radiographically?

A
  • Radiographically a radiopaque line closely associated with the apex of the canine
  • Position does not change when the incident x-ray angle changes
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17
Q

What are the characteristics of deciduous dentition radiographically?

A

Both Deciduous and permanent dentition
are present in the image.
Deciduous teeth are often more slender and the ratio between crown height and root length exaggerated.

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18
Q

What is the ratio of crown height to root length in deciduous teeth?

A

Crown: root length ration up to 1:4-6

19
Q

What is standardised organisation of dental radiographs?

A

Images of mandibular premolar and molar teeth should face
upwards and those of maxillary premolar and molar teeth downwards.
Dorsoventral radiographs of the maxillary incisors and canine teeth, should be
orientated with that incisor teeth facing downwards.
Radiographs obtained from ventrodorsal exposure of the mandibular incisor and canine
teeth should be displayed with the incisor teeth facing upward.

20
Q

What is the Lamina Dura?

A

This layer of bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament, appears as a denser line more
radiopaque zone. This is caused by an end-on visualisation of the laminae cribrosa that
appears more dense than the surrounding trabecular bone.

21
Q

What is Cancellous bone?

A

This trabecular bone occupies the space between adjacent dental alveoli and the
cortical bone of the jaw

22
Q

How should radiographs of the teeth be mounted?

A

To aid systematic evaluation of radiographs, it is ideal to present images in a standardised
orientation. Images of mandibular premolar and molar teeth should have the roots facing
downwards and those of maxillary premolar and molar teeth the roots facing upwards.
Dorsoventral (occlusal) radiographs of the maxillary incisors and canine teeth, (occlusal
views) should be orientated with the incisor teeth crowns facing downwards.
Radiographs obtained from ventrodorsal exposure (occlusal views) of the mandibular incisor
and canine teeth should be displayed with the incisor teeth facing upwards

23
Q

Look at this:

A
24
Q

What can very rarely be distinguished on a radiograph?

A

Only at the very few specific sites and angles can the various components of the hard tissue
of a tooth (enamel, dentin) occasionally be distinguished. Cementum can rarely, if ever, be
radiographically distinguished from dentin

25
Q

How does the lamina dura appear radiographically?

A

This layer of bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament, appears as a denser, more radiopaque
zone. This is caused by an end-on visualisation of the laminae cribrosa that appears denser
than the surrounding trabecular bone.

26
Q

Vertical or horizontal bone loss
can be identified how on a radiograph?

A

Deviations in the shadow of the alveolar crest is a very good indication of periodontal health.
As a general rule, the margin of the alveolar crest should be level with the neck of the
adjacent tooth. In cases of periodontitis, radiographic signs of vertical or horizontal bone loss
can be identified.

27
Q

Where is Cancellous bone?

A

This trabecular bone occupies the space between adjacent dental alveoli and the cortical
bone of the jaw

28
Q

Where is the Cortical bone?

A

Cortical bone forms the dense, superficial layer of bone of the upper and lower jaws. The best
radiographic demonstration of the structure is the ventral margin of the mandible.

29
Q

Specific anatomical features of teeth should be recognised e.g:

A
  • Superimposition of cusps in the crown.
  • Superimposition of roots of multirooted teeth especially the maxillary fourth
    premolars, on the crown or other roots of both the same and adjacent teeth.
    gerhard.putter@drw.co.uk ©Gerhard Putter
  • Tram lines on radiographs indicate developmental grooves on the roots of some
    premolar and molar teeth. These features are commonly encountered on the
    furcational aspects (distal aspect to mesial roots and the mesial aspects of distal roots)
    of the mandibular first molars, but it can occur elsewhere. This complicates the
    extraction of these teeth.
30
Q

If dentine production slows
down or ceases, because of pulpitis or pulp necrosis, the pulp canal of the affected tooth
might appear what?

A

Larger than an unaffected contralateral side.

31
Q

Look at this x-ray of mixed dentition and what does mixed dentition mean?

A

Mixed dentition
indicates that both deciduous and permanent teeth are present.

32
Q

How do deciduous teeth appear?

A

more slender roots and the ratio between crown and root is usually much larger than in
permanent teeth. It is not uncommon for the root of a deciduous permanent canine to be 4 to 5 times longer than the length of the crown. In deciduous incisor teeth this relationship
could be even higher (up to 1:8)

33
Q

What is a succedaneous tooth?

A

The succedaneous teeth are the permanent teeth that replace the deciduous teeth.

34
Q

Deciduous teeth not replaced by a permanent succedaneous tooth, might fulfil the role of?

A

The absent permanent tooth but they remain more fragile and might resorb later.

35
Q

What indicates the end of eruption of the tooth?

A

Apexogenesis.
The formation of the apex of the tooth root indicates the end of eruption.

36
Q

When does apexogenesis occur in adult canine teeth of dogs?

A

In the permanent
canine teeth of dogs, this happens at about eight months of age. In animals younger than this, the apices of teeth would remain open and are not completely formed.

37
Q

When is the enamel of permanent crowns formed?

A

The enamel of crowns of the permanent teeth are completely formed by about two months
of age. These structures can be identified on radiographs of very young patients, and it is
important to identify them as such.

38
Q

What is often superimposed on premolar and molar teeth especially in
feline maxillary premolar and molar teeth?

A

Zygomatic arch

39
Q

Discuss the palatine sutures?

A

The interface between the various bony structures that forms the hard palate are called palatine sutures. These could occasionally be identified as lines on radiographs of the maxilla and maxillary teeth. As discussed elsewhere, changing the angle of the incident x-ray beam
could clarify these structures

40
Q

What are the Palatine fissures?

A

These large slit-like openings at the rostral aspects of the hard palate can be superimposed on
radiographic images of maxillary incisors, canines and rostral most premolars. It is important
that these structures are not confused for pathological changes associated with teeth.

41
Q

What forms the palatal shelf and where is it seen on x-rays?

A

The Junction of the Vertical and Horizontal aspects of the Maxilla.
The angle formed inside the nasal cavity, where the above mentioned two aspects of the
maxilla meet to form the palatal process of the maxilla. This is known as the palatal shelf and
forms a clear radiopaque line visible on all lateral radiographs of maxillary premolar and
molar teeth. This line is closely associated with the apices of the maxillary premolar and
molar teeth

Labelled 3 in attached image

42
Q

What is the closed arrow pointing towards?

A

The Chonchal Crest
This anatomical structure appears on radiographs of maxillary canine and premolar teeth as a
curved radiopaque line, closely associated with the apex of the canine tooth.

In the attached image A and B demonstrate the anatomic variability in appearance of the conchal crest (arrow) and nasal surface of the alveolar process (open arrow) in a long-nosed (A) and a short-nosed (B) dog.

43
Q

Where can the infraorbital foramen be identified on radiographs of cats and dogs?

A

In dogs the infra-orbital canal is
very closely associated with the apices of the distal root of the of the maxillary third
premolars.
In cats the infra-orbital canal is extremely short (2 to 3 mm) and can occasionally be
identified as a single structure on radiographs of maxillary premolar teeth

Dentistry and Oral Surgery (19 decks)

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