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Dermpath > Normal skin > Flashcards

Normal skin Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp skin

A

numerous follicules extending down into panniculus

sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles

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2
Q

facial skin

A

thin epidermis with numerous dermal hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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3
Q

eyelid and ear skin

A

many vellus hair follicles

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4
Q

upper dermis of eyelid

A

will have skeletal mm

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5
Q

conjunctival surface of eyelid

A

absent: stratum corneum, hair follicles
present: goblet cells

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6
Q

trunk skin

A

very thick dermis

scattered hair follicles and sebaceous glands

fat projections extend upward to envelop adnexae

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7
Q

areolar skin

A

slight acanthosis w/basilar hyperpigmentation

sometimes: central invagination of epidermis –> follicle & sebaceous glands

smooth mm bundles in mid-deep dermis

apocrine glands in reticular dermis

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8
Q

ear skin

A

cartilage

vellus hairs

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9
Q

acral skin

A

compact, eosinophilic stratum corneum

slight papillomatosis on dorsal surfaces

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10
Q

Volar skin

A

compact, eosinophilic hyperkeratosis w/visible stratum lucidum

NO hair follicles or sebaceous glands

numerous eccrine glands

Meissner & Pacinian corpuscles

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11
Q

stratum lucidum

A

seen in volar skin

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12
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

seen in volar skin

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13
Q

mucosa

A

absent granular layer

large, pale keratinocytes filled w/glycogen

dilated vessels in submucosa

smooth mm bundles may appear

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14
Q

submucosa

A

may have dilated vessels, smooth mm bundles

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15
Q

nasal turbinate

A

erectile tissue w/fibrous septa & vascular sinusoids

mucus glands

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16
Q

fetal skin

A

densely cellular with stellate and spindled fibroblasts (mesenchyme)

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17
Q

periderm

A

seen in fetal skin

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18
Q

hair infundibulum

A

from epidermis down to insertion of sebaceous gland

intraepidermal portion: acrotrichium

keratinizes in pattern of normal epidermis w/granular layer (keratohyalin granules)

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19
Q

transverse section of hair

A
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20
Q

telogen hair

A

“flamethrower” appearance

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21
Q

hair isthmus

A

from insertion of sebaceous gland to insertion of arrector pili

keratin formed without granular layer (trichilemmaal keratinization)

inner root sheath lost; outer root sheath develops inner corrugated, dense, pink, cornified layer w/peripheral palisading

22
Q

hair stem

A

from insertion of arrector pili to adamson fringe

only present in anagen hairs

23
Q

adamson fringe

A

the point above which hair cornifies

  • dermatophytes only infect cornified hair
  • above AF, huxley layer of inner RS no longer has trichohyalin granules
  • hair tends to retract from inner RS above AF – inner RS = fused, blue-gray; outer RS = pink cells w/peripheral palisading
24
Q

hair bulb

A

located below stem portion of anagen follicle, from adamson fringe to base

3 zones

  1. Matrix
  2. Supramatrix
  3. Keratogenous
25
Q

General nail anatomy

A
  1. Nail plate
  2. Nail bed: distal edge of lunula to prox edge of onychodermal band
  3. Framing portion: proximal, lateral, and distal nail folds
  4. Ensheathing portion: “cuticle” (eponychium, hyponychium, solehorn, bed horny layer)
26
Q

Nail cuticle

A
  • Eponychium: visible; thick keratinous material that borders prox nail fold and adheres to nail plate
  • “True:” usually not visible; derived from ventral portion of prox nail fold
    • sometimes seen as flakes of keratinous material parallel to proximal nail fold
27
Q

hyponychium

A

the space, epithelium, and keratinous material ventral to the nail plate

28
Q

solehorn

A

subungual, white-to-colorless keratin

extends from distal nail bed underneath onychodermal band to below the free, distal edge of nail plate

29
Q

nail matrix

A

proximal portion –> surface of nail plate

distal portion –> ventral nail plate

30
Q

lunula

A

visible portion of nail matrix

anchoring portion (mesenchyme)

31
Q

onychokeratinization

A

hard keratin of nail plate

no granular layer

32
Q

onycholemmal keratinization

A
  • ventral part of prox fold (+ granular layer)
  • bed epithelium (no granular layer)
33
Q

epidermoid keratinization

A
  • dorsal prox fold
  • lateral folds
  • hyponychium
34
Q

Dermal dendrocyte

A
  • macrophage-type cells located in dermis
  • Many are Factor 13a +
  • Some are S100 +
  • likely serve as APCs
35
Q

Giant cell

A

cell w/multiple nuclei, usually abundant cytoplasm

36
Q

foreign body giant cell

A

nuclei arranged haphazardly

37
Q

langerhans giant cell

A

nuclei arranged in horseshoe shape

38
Q

osteoclast-like giant cell

A
  • nuclei arranged haphazardly and eccentrically
  • deep pink cytoplasm with scalloped border that molds to adjacent structures
39
Q

touton giant cell

A

nuclei arranged in wreath w/peripheral foamy cytoplasm

40
Q

ringed siderophage

A

touton giant cell w/hemosiderin

characteristic of fibrous histiocytoma variant of dermatofibroma

41
Q

histiocyte

A
  • epithelioid cell w/central, round/oval nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm
  • most derived from monocytes
  • functions: phagocytosis, APC
  • tend to coalesce in tissue w/NO intervening connective tissue
42
Q

langerhans cell

A
  • dendritic cells in epidermis & dermis; originate in BM and function as APCs
  • nucleus typically eccentric and may be reniform
  • CD1a+, S100+, peanut agglutinin, langerin+
  • contain Birbeck granules (tennis racket)
43
Q

lymphocyte

A
  • round, dark nucleus; no visible cytoplasm
  • B cells, T cells, NK cells
44
Q

NK cells

A

type of lymphocyte

important function in innate immune system

45
Q

T cells

A
  • mature in thymus
  • important in cell-mediated immunity
46
Q

B cells

A
  • produce antibodies
  • important in humoral immunity
47
Q

Th1 cytokines

A
  • IL-1
  • IL-2
  • IL-12
  • IFN-y
48
Q

Th2 cytokines

A
  • IL-4
  • IL-5
  • IL-10
49
Q

mast cell

A
  • “fried egg:” central round nucleus and oval, bluish cytoplasm
  • granules: heparin, histamine, tryptase, carboxypeptidase, leukotrienes
  • important in immediate-type hypersensitivity
50
Q
A

Dermpath (4 decks)

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