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TL- Italy > Northern Italy > Flashcards

Northern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Piedmont translates to what

A

“The foot of the mountain”

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2
Q

What two mountain ranges cradles piedmont on three sides?

A

Apennines and the Alps

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3
Q

Name the two moderating rivers of Piedmont

A

Po and Tanaro

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4
Q

Why is the Po river bad for viticulture?

A

Land is too fertile

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5
Q

Most wine growing happens ____________ of the Po river?

A

South

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6
Q

What are the three major provinces of Piedmont

A

Asti, Alessandria and Cuneo

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7
Q

What are the two major soil types of piedmont?

A

Calcareous Marl and sandstone

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8
Q

Describe the climate of Piedmont

A

Continental climate

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9
Q

What do the Alps do?

A

Create a rain shadow effect

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10
Q

Name one major Autumnal viticultural hazard

A

Hail

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11
Q

What are the two major sets of hills in piedmont

A

Langhe and Monferrato Hills

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12
Q

Define Sorí

A

“Prized Southern Exposure”

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13
Q

Define Dolcetto

A

Little sweet one

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14
Q

What ripens first, mid, last
Nebbiolo
Dolcetto
Barbera

A

Dolcetto-1st (lowest Acid)
Barbera-2ns
Nebbiolo-3rd

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15
Q

What is piedmonts most planted red grape

A

Barbera

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16
Q

What is Moscato Bianco known as

A

Muscat blanc a petits grains

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17
Q

What is Piedmont most planted white grape

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat a petits grains)

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18
Q

Name 4 white grapes grown in piedmont

A

Moscato Bianco, Cortese, Arnies, Erbaluce, Favorita (Vermentino)

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19
Q

Piedmont synonym for Vermentino

A

Favorita

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20
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco are located along the ___________ River in the ______________ Province

A

Tanaro River in the Cuneo Province

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21
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG are located within what larger DOC

A

Langhe DOC

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22
Q

What are the 5 MAJOR communes of Barolo

A 
La Morra
Barolo
Castiglione Falleto
Monforte d'Alba
Serralunga d'Alba
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23
Q

La Morra and Barolo are on what soil type?

A

Tortonian Soil (higher proportion of marl)

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24
Q

What communes of Barolo might you find Tortonian Soil

A

La Morra and Barolo

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25
Q

What communes in Barolo might you find Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils

A

Monforte and Serralunga d’Alba

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26
Q

What is the major soil type of Monforte and Serralunga d’Alba

A

Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils

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27
Q

Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils provide what to the wines

A

More structure

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28
Q

Min aging for Barolo?

A

38 months following Nov 1st of harvest year (min 18 of those mnths in oak)

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29
Q

Min aging for Barolo Riserva

A

62mnths prior to release

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30
Q

Name three traditionalist producers

A

Giacomo Conterno
Bartolo Mascarello
Guiseppe Rinaldi

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31
Q

Define modernist winemaking in Barolo

A

barriques, shorter macerations and rounder style of wines

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32
Q

Name three modernist producers

A

Paolo Scavino
Elio Altare
Luciano Sandrone

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33
Q

Burnate and Cerequio are split between what two communes of Barolo

A

Mostly in La Morra, but also in Barolo

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34
Q

What commune will you find Pira?

A

Castiglione Falleto

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35
Q

What commune is Bussia found in? Is it large or small?

A

Monforte d’Alba and its mother fuckking massive

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36
Q

What commune would you find Francia?

A

Serralunga d’Alba

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37
Q

What are the three townships you find Barbaresco production found in, what is the exception?

A

Barbaresco, Nieve, Treiso and a small part of Alba (san Rocco sendelvio)

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38
Q

Min aging for barbaresco

A

26 months (at least 9 of those months must be in cask)

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39
Q

Min aging for barbaresco Riserva

A

50 months (at least 9 of those months must be in cask)

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40
Q

Who is the most important modernist in Barbaresco

A

Angelo Gaja (often he declassifies down to langhe DOC)

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41
Q

Who is the most important traditionalist in Barbaresco

A

Bruno Giacosa

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42
Q

Name one important co-op in Barbaresco

A

Producttori

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43
Q

Define Commerciant

A

Italian Negociant

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44
Q

Where is the Cannubi cru located?

A

Barolo

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45
Q

What year was the DOC/DOCG introduced

A

1963

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46
Q

What was the first DOCG to be introduced and in what year

A

Brunello di Montalcino -1980

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47
Q

VdT wines can have what geographical indication on them?

A

Just “Italy”

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48
Q

What should be associated with the 1992 “Gloria’s Law”

A

The establishment of the IGT

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49
Q

IGT are considered what by EU standards

A

PGI

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50
Q

DOC/DOCG are considered what by EU standards

A

PDO

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51
Q

How long must a region be a DOC before applying for DOCG

A

five years`

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52
Q

Nizza is what

A

A DOCG for 100% barbera

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53
Q

Scale of Italian Wine Classifications

A

Vino
IGT/IGP
DOC/DOP
DOCG/ DOP

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54
Q

What mountain range runs through the spine of and moderates italy

A

The apennine Mountains

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55
Q

5 Major Communes of Barolo

A 
La Mora
Barolo
Monforte d'Alba
Serralunga d'Alba
Castiglione Falletto
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56
Q

What river cuts through the heart of Barolo

A

The Tanaro

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57
Q

The Po River cuts through the majority of Piedmont- why is this a pproblem

A

Vine get over fertile, most growing therefore takes place South of the river

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58
Q

What is the climate in Piedmonte

A

Continental

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59
Q

What are moderating factors of Piedmont

A

The Tanaro, The Po, The mountains/alps create a rain shadow effect

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60
Q

what is one major climactic concern in the langhe

A

Hail

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61
Q

Define Sori

A

Prized Southern exposures in the langhe and monferatto hills

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62
Q

Describe the difference between these three:
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto

A

Nebbiolo- LAte ripening

Barbera-mid ripening, piedmonts most planted grape

Dolcetto-early ripening “little sweet one”

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63
Q

Name 4 other grapes aside from the big 3, that grow in piedmonte

A 
Freisa
Ruche
Vespolina
Brachetto
Grignolino
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64
Q

What is Piedmonts most planted white grape

A

Moscato Biano (Muscat blanc a petite grain)

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65
Q

Name 4 grapes aside from Muscat that are grown in piedmonte

A

Arneis
Favorita -(Vermentino)
Cortese
Erbaluce

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66
Q

What river are Barolo and Barbaresco located along? what province are they located in?

A

The Tanaro River in the Cuneo Province

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67
Q

How many total communes may Barolo be produced in?

A

11

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68
Q

Tortonian Soil is most common in what two Barolo crus- describe

A

La Morra
Barolo
-has more cancerous marl, provides more softness

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69
Q

Seravallian (Helvetian) Sandstone is most common in what two Barolo crus?

A

Monforte d’Alba
Serralunga d’Alba

More structured wines are not his soils

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70
Q

Barolo Min aging

A

Must be aged for 38 months from Nov. 1st OF THE Harvest year w/ 18 months in oak

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71
Q

3 traditionalist Barolo producers

A

Giacomo Conterno
Guiseppe Rinaldi
Bartolo Mascarello

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72
Q

3 Modernist Barolo Producers

A

Elio Altare
Luciano Sandrone
Paolo Scavino

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73
Q

Modernist Barolo sees what?

A

Larger Format Oak (Barrique) Shorter Maceration and rounder style wines

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74
Q

3 Townships allowed to make Barbareesco DOCG

A

Barbaresco
Treiso
Neive
Also, a small portion of Alba

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75
Q

Barbaresco DOCG min aging requirements

A

Barbaresco- Min 2 years with 9. months in cask

Barbaresco Riserva- Min 4 years

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76
Q

Who sky rocketed Barbaresco into fame

A

Angelo Gaja

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77
Q

Name one traditionalist in barbaresco

A

Bruno Giacosa

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78
Q

Describe Barolo Chinato

A

A DOCG aromatized sweet wine that is flavored with Quinine

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79
Q

Name one 2 producers of chinato DOCG

A

Cappelano

Roagna

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80
Q

Roero DOCG wine production/ location

A

NW bank of the Tanaro, North of Barolo & Barbaresco

Red- Min 95% Nebbiolo
White- Min 95% Arneis
Sparkling- Min 95% Arnes

Sandy soils provide lighter wines

81
Q

Gattinara DOCG

A

Est 1990

Min 90% Spanna (nebbiolo) + 10% Bonarda and Vespolina (Vespolina may not exceed 4%)

82
Q

Gattinara min aging

A

Gattinara- Min 35 months w. 2 years in oak from Nov 1st of Harvest year

Riserva-47 mtnths w. 36 in wood from Nov 1st

83
Q

Ghemme DOCG

A

Ghemme: minimum 34 months, including a minimum 18 months in wood and 6 months in bottle from November 1
of the harvest year

Riserva min 46 monnths, 24 in wood and 6 months I bottle from Nov 1st

84
Q

Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs both straddle what river?

A

The Sesia

85
Q

Both Gattinara and Ghemme are DOCGs for what grape

A

Spanna AKA Nebiollo

Bonarda (uva rara) and Vespolina may be blended in small amounts

86
Q

Lessona & Sizzano DOCs make wines based on what

A

Nebbiolo based red blends

87
Q

The monferrato hills have two DOCGS appellations, what are they for what grape?
What year were they upgraded?

A

Barbera d’asti DOCG

normale- released after 4 months aging

Barbera del Monferatto Superiore DOCG-

Superiore- 14 months aging with 6 months in cask

Both were upgraded in 2008

88
Q

What was the third DOCG in monferatto hills? what year

A

Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato- mostly ruche

2010

89
Q

What was the 4th DOCG of the monferatto hills

A

Nizza- 2014- 100% Barbera

90
Q

What are the three DOCG wines made from 100% Dolcetto

A

Dogliani DOCG- may be normal or superiore

Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada)-
Wines must be superior to recieve DOCG

Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba (Diano d’Alba)-may be normal or superiore

91
Q

The three DOCGs for dolcetto have all have a min aging of how long? What does Superior designate?

A

1 year

Superiore just means heightened alcohol

92
Q

Which DOCG for dolcetto may append soris to the label

A

Diano d’alba may append 77 soris to the label

93
Q

What was the first still white DOCG in piedmonte

A

Gavi in the SOuth

94
Q

What is the Grape of Gavi

A

Cortese

95
Q

Define Tranquillo

A

Still

96
Q

ERbaluce di Caluso DOCG is where and for what?

A

still, sparkling or passive white wine from the erbaluce grape

It is just south of Carema

Upgraded in 2010 to DOCG

97
Q

Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG wines are what?

A

100% Moscato Bianco (Muscat blanc a petite grains) usually charmat method

98
Q

who is the largest producer of DOCG wines in italy

A

Asti DOCG

99
Q

Min atmospheres for Moscato d’asti DOCG

what is the usualy alcohol content

A

2 atmospheres (frizzante)

Usually between 4.5% -6.5%

100
Q

What is the differene between frizzante and spumante

A

Frizzante (sightly sparkling)

Spumante (Fully sparkling)

101
Q

Describe the Alta Langa DOCG

A

More serious sparkling wines made from PN & Chardonnay

Spumante- 30 months aging

Riserva- 36 months

102
Q

Name two producers of Alta Longa DOCG sparkling wine

A

Enrico Serafino

Fontanafredda

103
Q

Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG

A

Red wines- sparkling, still or passito

min 97% Brachetto

104
Q

Climate of Valle d’Aosta

A

Continental with long winters and short, hot summers

mitigated by the western alps & the Dora Baltea RIver

105
Q

Major River of the Valle d’Aosta

A

Dora Baltea

106
Q

What is the sole DOC of Valle D’aosta

A

Valle d’Aosta DOC

107
Q

What are the 7 sub appelations of the Valle d’Aosta

A 
Arnad-Montjovet
Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle
Chambave
Donnas
Enfer d'Arvier
Nus
Torrette
108
Q

Arnad-Montjovet wines are

A

min 70% Picoutendro (nebbiolo)
Must be aged 5mnth from dec 1st
must be aged 12 months if superiore

109
Q

Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle

A

100% prie blanc

Still white

Sparkling- trad mehtod w/ min 9 mnth lees

VT as well

Grown on the hillsides of Mont Blanc- crazy high elevation

110
Q

Chambave

A

White- 100% moscato Bianco

Passito- 100% moscato Bianco

Red WIne- 70% petite rouge

Following Dec 1st
Must be aged min 5 months
Supiore- 8 months

111
Q

Donnas

A

Red wines

min 85% Picoutendro (nebbiolo)

Following Dec. 1st
Min aging- 24mnths w. 10 in oak
Superiore- Min 30mnth w. 12 in oak

112
Q

Enfer d’ Arvier

A

Red WInes

Min 85% Petite Rouge

Following Dec 1st
Must be aged min 5 months
Supiore- 8 months

113
Q

Nus

A

White wines- 100% Malvoisie (PG)
Passito - 100% Malvoisie (PG) min 12 mnths

Red Wine- Min 70% Viendenus+Petite Rouge

Following Dec 1st
5mnths
8mnths-superiore

114
Q

Torette

A

Red wines
Min 70% petite Rouge

Fol;lowing dec 1st
min 5mnths
min 8mnths superiore

115
Q

Valle d’Aosta DOC wines may be varietal iat what %

A

85%

Gamay, Petite Arvine, petite Rouge, Fumin and Premetta

116
Q

What grape is usually bottled as rose in the Valle d’Aosta

A

Premetta

117
Q

What is the most important DOCG of Lombardy

A

Franciacorta DOCG

118
Q

Franciacorta DOCG wine may be what?

A

Sparkling wine only

119
Q

Still wines from franciacorta are labeled as what?

A

Curtefranco DOC or Sebino IGT

120
Q

What is the prestige cuvee of Mauricio Zanella of Ca’Del Basco?

A

Annamaria Clementi it is made in the Franciacorta DOCG

121
Q

What are the permitted grapes and vilification for Franciacorta DOCG

A

Chardonnay, PN w/ max 50% PB and the wines must be traditional method

122
Q

NV Franciacorta DOCG aging min

A

min 18 months on the lees and cannot be released until 25mnth from harvest

123
Q

Franciacorta Saten

A

ONLY WHITE GRAPESm must be bottled at less that 5 atmospheres

124
Q

Franciacorta Rose

A

Min 25% pinot Nero and is produced by blending rather than saignee

125
Q

Min aging for vintage franciacorta

A

37 months, unlike champagne it only requires 85% from stated vintage

126
Q

Min aging for Vintage franciacorta reserve

A

5 years on the lees, release after total of 67 months

127
Q

What is dosage?

A

Dosage

128
Q

The franciacorta RS scale mirror the RS scale of what?

A

Champagne

129
Q

Tradtional method sparking wine from southern Lombardy is labeled as what?

A

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

130
Q

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG must have a min % of what?

A

Pinot Nero-70%, may be labeled varietally at 85%

131
Q

Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG min aging

A

NV- 15mnths lees

Vintage- 20mnths lees

132
Q

What may be released from the Oltrepo Pavese DOC

A

Still wines

133
Q

What is Lombary’s most important red wine region?

A

Valtellina

134
Q

Nebbiolo in Valtellina

A

Chiavennasca

135
Q

Describe the climate of Valtellina

A

High altitude, alpine with tons of sunshine

136
Q

Gattinara and Ghemme are located on what river

A

Sesia RIver

137
Q

4 communes of Barbaresco

A

Treiso
Barbaresco
Sliver of Alba
Neive

138
Q

What DOCG is known for trad method sparkling in piemonte

A

Alta Langa DOCG

139
Q

What are the two styles of franciacorta that must be dry

A

Saten

Frnciacorta Reserva

140
Q

Schiava AKA

A

Trollinger (Germany)

141
Q

Soave DOC is famous for what grape

A

Gargenega

142
Q

Most famous cru in Conegliano valdobliodene Prosecco DOCG

A

Cartizza

143
Q

Valtellina itself is a DOC or DOCG

A

DOC, the DOCG is Valtellina Superiore DOCG it has 5 subzones

144
Q

What are the five sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A

Valgella, inferno, grumello, sasella, moraggia

145
Q

Valtellina Superiore min aging

Valtellina Superiore Riserva min aging

A

Valtellina Superiore - 24 months total w/ 12 in cask

Valtellina Superiore Riserva 36 months with 12 months in cask

146
Q

what are the two DOCGs of Valtellina?

A

Valtellina superiore DOCG

Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

147
Q

What is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

A

A DOCG for wines that are similar in style to reciotto, produced from nebiollo grapes that are dried prior to fermentation and cannot yield more than half the equivalent of juice of a freshly harvested grape. Must be dry, min alc is 14% and must be aged for min 2 years

148
Q

What is Stagafassli?

A

Valtellina wines may be labeled Stagafassli if they are bottled in neighboring Switzerland

149
Q

Sforzato Vs. Stagafasilli

A

Sforzato- dried Nebbiolo grapes, vilified dry, aged min 2 years, mi alc 14%

Sagafassli- Valtellina wines bottled in Switzerland

150
Q

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG

A

Sweet passive red wines from red moscato grapes

Must be aged min 2 years NOT IN OAK

Often bottled in Futura bottles (slender 500ml)

151
Q

What is a futura

A

Slender 500ml bottles used for Moscato di Scanzo DOCG, similar in shape to the Iniskillin ice wine bottles

152
Q

What is the climate of Liguria?

A

Mediteranean

153
Q

What is Pigato

A

A synonym for fermenting used in Liguria

154
Q

What are the major grapes of Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC and Rossese is Dolceaqua DOC/

A

Rossese

155
Q

Cinque Terre DOC is famous for producing what style of wine?

A

Light whites from Bosco

156
Q

What are the two DOCG regions of Emilia Romagna

A

Romagna Albana- white (gold) from the Albana grape made in a range of styles

Colli Bolognese Pignoletto- varietal wines from the Grechetto

157
Q

What was Italy’s first white wine DOCG

A

Romagna Albana DOCG

158
Q

In the central provinces of Modena and Reggio, production is mostly taken up by what wine?

A

Lambrusco

159
Q

Name 3 DOCs for Lambrusco Production

A

Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC

Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC

Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC

160
Q

Name one DOC for Lambrusco production in Lombardy (not Emilia Romagna)

A

Lambrusco Montovano DOC

161
Q

What brand catapulted Lambrusco to fame in the 1970s?

A

Banfi’s “Riunite”

162
Q

Alto Adige AKA

A

Sudtirol

163
Q

In Trentino-Alto Adige, where are you most likely to found German vs. Italian spoken

A

Trentino- Italian

Alto Adige (Sudtirol)- North

164
Q

Bolzano is the capital of what?

A

Alto Adige

165
Q

What is the overarching DOC for Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Valdadige DOC it also encorporates pieces of Verona in the Veneto

166
Q

Where would you find the town of Tramin (possibly home to Gewurtz)

A

Alto-Adige

167
Q

What is Marzemino?

A

A genetic Progency of Teroldego and a sibling of Lagrein

168
Q

How many DOCG zones does Trentino-Alto Adige have? Name them

A

0

169
Q

Requirements for Valpolicella DOC

A

45-95% Corvina

5%-30% Rondinella

170
Q

Valpolicella Superiore must be aged for how long?

A

Min 1 year from Jan 1st following harvest

171
Q

Define VIgna

A

Single Vineyard bottlings

172
Q

Define asppasimento

A

Grapes are dried for over three months in special lofts (fruttai)

173
Q

Define Fruttai

A

Special lofts of drying recciotto grapes

174
Q

How much longer are recioto della valpolicella grapes usually dried in comparison to Amarone?

A

Usually one month more

175
Q

Amarone aging requirements

A

Amareno della Valoplicella- min 2 years from jan 1st

Riserva- min 4 years

176
Q

What % of a producers grapes can be used to make AMarone?

A

65%, the rest may make Valpolicella or Valpolicella Ripasso

177
Q

Bardolino Chiaretto is what?

A

Rose wine made in Bardolino

178
Q

Soave DOC requirements

A

Min 70% Garganega

179
Q

What are the two DOCGs within Soave DOC?

A

Recioto di Soave DOCG

Soave Superiore SOCG

180
Q

What is Soave Superiore

A

Wine from a specified subregion (either Classico or Colli Scaligeri). It is aged for a min of 1 year with min 3 months in bottle

181
Q

Which of the following MAY NOT be vilified “Spumante”

Soave DOC
REcioto di Soave DOCG
Soave Superiore DOCG

A

Soave superiore DOCG

182
Q

Is botrytis common in Recioto di Soave DOCG

A

Yes

183
Q

Gambellara DOC grape requirements

A

min 80% Garganega

184
Q

What is Recioto di Gambellara DOCG?

A

A docg of 100% gargenage for sweet still and sparkling made from dried garganega grapes

185
Q

What is produced in the Breganze TOcolato DOC?

A

Passito wines of 100% Vespaiolo

186
Q

Min atmosphere for Prosecco Spumante

A

3.5

187
Q

Atmospheres for frizzante prosecco

A

1-2.5

188
Q

What are the two DOCGs of prosecco, which is the most important

A

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG- Most important

Asolo Prosecco DOCG

189
Q

What is the most important cru for prosecco productionq

A

Cartizze-

within Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosseco DOCG

190
Q

Cartizze is what? what must it be labeled as

A

The most important cru in Prosecco production the wines must be labeled “Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze”

191
Q

Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze wines must be what?

A

Fully sparkling and “dry” btwn 17-35g/l RS

192
Q

Wine listed as Glera usually means what?

A

The wine is not at DOC /G level. Prosecco may only be used at the DOC or above level

193
Q

Vintage prosecco must contain what % of that vintage

A

85%

194
Q

Prosecco must contain what % of prosecco

A

85%

195
Q

Who is Mario Schiopetto?

A

Brought techniques (cold fermentation in stainless…) from Germany and Austria to Italy

196
Q

What is the coolest and highest altitude area within Colli Orientali dill Friuli-Picolit DOCG and who is it a monopole of?

A

Call- monopole of Ronchi di Cialla

197
Q

Fruilano is what?

A

Friuli’s trade marked varietal locally called “tai”- used to be called today fruilano

198
Q

What is the most planted grape in Friuli?

A

Merlot (weird right?)

199
Q

The prosecco DOC extends into where?

A

Friuli

TL- Italy (16 decks)

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